世界知识产权组织杂志，2013年第2期（4月）

Spain’S new deSign gener ationp.10|protectingbroadcaSterSin the digital erap.16|where iSafricaon theinternet?p.22 World IP Day – April 26Creativity:the next generation What is the shape of things to come? From the weather to the markets to the next big thing intechnology or the arts, we all want to know how the worldwill look tomorrow. Predicting the future is an uncertain endeavor at best, butthat doesn’t keep us from trying. And with ever greateraccess to information, instant communication, new formsof collaboration and crowd-sourcing, our predictionsare becoming more frequent, more outrageous, andmore accurate. We know, for example, that cars will soon drive themselves.That our sight and speech – eventually our brains – willinteract more directly with, and effectively control, ourcomputers. Which will in turn become much smaller and beworn on – or inside – our bodies. This will all have a profoundeffect on how we live – how we think, how we work, how welearn, heal, enjoy. What used to be science fiction is now fact. But what’snext? What is the future beyond the future? What disruptivetechnology is now just an idea bouncing around a youngengineer’s mind? Who will create the next online sensationthat again changes how we talk to each other? What newmusic will emerge from a garage somewhere to rock theworld’s dance floors or unnerve the academy? Who aretomorrow’s great artists and innovators? How are theyworking; how do they create? And how will they get theircreations to market in a world where the game changes,almost daily? The future? Ask the next generation. Join us on Facebookwww.wipo.int Contents p.23-D printing and the future of stuffp.7Bridging the IP knowledge gapin developing countriesp.10Spain’s new design generation:an interview with Juli Capellap.16Protecting broadcasters in the digital erap.19Broadcasting rights and Sport: adding valuep.22Where is Africa on the Internet?p.25Adapting IP to an evolving agricultural innovationlandscapep.30Encouraging pharmaceutical innovation inmiddle-income countries Editor:Catherine JewellGraphic Designer:Annick Demierre Front cover:3-D Systems Corp.Reef, a 3-D printed wall and ceiling lamp,resembling a coral reef was designed byTanja Soeter for pioneering design company,Freedom of Creation (FOC). Acknowledgements:p.2James Pooley, Innovation & Technology Sector, WIPOp.7Matthew Bryan, PCT Legal Division, WIPOp.10Marcus Höpperger, Law & Legislative Advice Division, WIPOpp.16,19 Carole Croella, Copyright Law Division, WIPOp.22Geoffrey Onyeama, Development Sector, WIPOp.25Peter ButtonandYolanda Huerta-Casado, UPOV,Tomoko MiyamotoandAida Dolobtaeva, Patent Law Division, WIPO ©World IntellectualProperty Organization 3-D printingand the future of stuff Have you ever searched for a lamp but just couldn’t find the right one, or had to waitmonths for a spare part for a household device that is no longer produced? Thesefrustrations could soon be a thing of the past. High performance 3-D printing or ad-ditive manufacturing technologies, first developed in laboratories some 30 years ago,are now available for consumers. One of the most exciting innovations to emergein recent times, 3-D printing offers the realistic possibility that anyone, anywhere inthe world can produce any object they need on demand. For some, 3-D printingmarks the “democratization” of manufacturing, a new age of mass personalizationthat promises to boost innovation, foster more efficient use of resources and trans-form the way things are produced. Some have gone so far as to characterize it asthe “Third Industrial Revolution”. This article considers the technology’s expandingrange of applications and its huge innovation potential. It also reflects on why it isthat intellectual property (IP) policymakers need to watch this space. WHATis 3-DPrinTinG? 3-D printing, alias additive manufacturing (AM) or direct digital manufacturing (DDM),makes it possible to create an object by creating a digital file and printing it at homeor sending it to one of a growing number of online 3-D print services. In the 3-Dprinting process, this digital blueprint, created using computer-aided design (CAD)software, is sliced into 2-dimensional representations which are fed through to aprinter that starts building up an object layer by layer from its base. Layers of mate-rial (in liquid, powder or filament form) are deposited onto a “build area” and fusedtogether. This additive process, which minimizes waste because it only uses theamount of material required to make the component (and its support), is distinctfrom traditional “subtractive” manufacturing processes where materials are cut awayto produce a desired form. A number of 3-D printing techniques exist. The first commercial 3-D print technology,stereolithography, was invented in 1984 by Charles Hull. Several other techniques haveemerged since, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering(SLS) and PolyJet Matrix. Some of these techn