淋病2024年年度流行病学报告

Gonorrhoea Annual Epidemiological Report for 2024 Key facts •Twenty-eightEuropean Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countriesreported106 331 confirmedcases of gonorrhoeafor 2024, with a crude notification rate of 26.9 cases per 100000 population.•The gonorrhoea notification rate for the EU/EEA in 2024 is the highest recorded since Europeansurveillance of sexually transmitted infections began in 2009.•Between 2023 and 2024, overall rates increased by 4.3%. Among men, rates increased by 7.9% whereasthere was an 8.6% decrease among women.•Between 2015 and 2024, the notification rate increased by 303%.•National rates of reported gonorrhoea infection varied considerably across the EU/EEA in 2024, fromless than one case to more than 100 cases per 100000 population.•Age-specific rates for women were highest among those aged 20−24 years (60.3 cases per 100000population) and for men aged 25−34 years (145.5 cases per 100000 population).•Men who have sex with menaccounted for more than half of the reported cases (62%) in 2024. Introduction Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by theNeisseria gonorrhoeaebacterium. Typicalgenital infections present as urethritis among men and as urethritis and cervicitis among women, but a broadspectrum of clinical presentations and complications can occur. These include epididymitis and prostatitis amongmen and endometritis and salpingitis among women, as well as systemic dissemination with fever and skin andjoint involvement. Throat and ano-rectal infections may also occur, as well as transmission to newborns that leadsto conjunctivitis. Many infections are asymptomatic, especially among women, resulting in delayed diagnosis,complications and uninterrupted transmission[1]. Reinfections withNeisseria gonorrhoeaare possible[2]. Methods This report is based on data for 2024 retrieved from EpiPulse Cases on 7 April 2026.EpiPulse Cases is a system forthe collection, analysis and dissemination of data on communicable diseases; it replaced The European SurveillanceSystem (TESSy) in October 2024. For a detailed description of the methods used to produce this report, refer to the Methods chapter of the ‘ECDCAnnual Epidemiological Report’[3]. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonorrhoea. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological reportfor 2024. Stockholm: ECDC; 2026. Stockholm,May2026 ©European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2026. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. An overview of the national surveillance systems is available online[4]. A subset of the data used for this report is available through ECDC’s online ‘Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases’[5]. In 2024, the majority of countries (23/28) reported data using standard EU case definitions[6]. Three countries reportedcase numbers based on national case definitions and two countries did not report which case definition they used. Cases were analysedby date of diagnosis. The majority of countries (25/28) report gonorrhoea data from comprehensive surveillance systems. Reporting ofgonorrhoea infection is compulsory in these countries. The remaining three countries (Belgium, France, and theNetherlands) have sentinel surveillance systems that only capture gonorrhoea diagnoses from a selection ofhealthcare services[7]. These three countries have voluntary reporting systems. Data from sentinel surveillance systems(Belgium, France and the Netherlands)were not used in the calculation ofnational or overall ratesbecausethe populationcoverage was not always known and denominators were thereforenot available.As a result, national and EU/EEA notification rates are calculated only for countries withcomprehensive surveillance systems and known population denominators. Additionally,data fromLuxembourg were excluded from 10-year trend analysesby rate and case numbersdue tochanges inthesurveillance systems in 2020. Analyses of gender over timeincluded only countries that had reported gender with at least 85% completenessevery year. Spain is excluded from analysis by genderinFigure 4b as a result. Analysesof transmission categoryover timeexclude countries that did not reportthis variablewith at least 50% completeness each year. In 2024 Denmark updated their data for2015 to 2024 with additional cases1. Epidemiology In 2024, 106 331 confirmed gonorrhoea cases were reported by 28 countries (Table 1), marking the highest numberofgonorrhoea casesreportedin the EU/EEA since the start of European STI surveillance in 2009. The crudenotification rate in 2023 was 26.9 per 100000 population for countries with comprehensive surveillance systems. Thehighest rates in2024 (more than 50 cases per 100000 population) were observed in Ireland (109.0 cases per100000 population), Malta (89.6 cases), Iceland (88.1 cases), Luxembourg (86.6 cases), Denmark (85.4 cases),Spain (76.4 cases) and Norway (56.8 cases). The lowestnotification rates (less than two cases