衣原体2024年年度流行病学报告

Chlamydia Annual Epidemiological Report for 2024 Key facts •For 2024,27 EU/EEA countriesreported213443confirmed cases of chlamydia infection, with a crudenotification rate of63.4cases per 100000 populationin the 24 countries with comprehensivesurveillance systems.•This represents a10%decrease in the crude notification rate compared to 2023, and a6%decreasecompared to 2015,when analysing the rate over time among countries reporting consistently•Notification rates continued to be highest among women aged 20−24 years in 2024.•In 2024, transmission between men who have sex with men accounted for 22% of chlamydia cases.•National notification rates for cases of chlamydia infection ranged between 0.1 and502cases per100000 population. Differences in chlamydia testing policies, case finding strategies and reporting areconsidered to have a greater influence on reported chlamydia numbers than actual differences inepidemiology. Introduction Chlamydia is a sexuallytransmitted infection caused by theChlamydia trachomatisbacterium. The infection isoften asymptomatic, both in men and women. Urogenital infections can present as urethritis and proctitis in menand women, cervicitis, salpingitis, endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, and orchitis,epididymitis and prostatitis in men[1]. Chlamydia can lead to tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronicpelvic pain.C.trachomatisinfection can also be transmitted from mother to child during labour, leading to diseasein the neonate[1]. Urogenital chlamydial infections do not result in lasting immunity, meaning that individualstreated for the infection are susceptible to reinfection[2]. Methods Thisreport is based on data for 2024 retrieved from EpiPulse Cases on 7 April 2026.EpiPulse Cases is a system forthe collection, analysis and dissemination of data on communicable diseases; it replaced The European SurveillanceSystem (TESSy) in October 2024. For a detailed description of methods used to produce this report, refer to the ‘Methods’ chapterof the ‘ECDCAnnual Epidemiological Report’[3]. An overview of the national surveillance systems is available on ECDC’s website[4]. A subset of the data used for this report is available through ECDC’sonline‘SurveillanceAtlasofInfectiousDiseases’[5]. In 2024, the majority of countries (23/27) reported data based on the standard EU case definitions[6].Threecountries reported data based on national case definitions and one country did not report the case definition used. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.Chlamydia. In: ECDC. AnnualEpidemiologicalReportfor2024. Stockholm: ECDC; 2026. Stockholm, May2026. © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2026. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. Most countries (24) had comprehensive surveillance systems. Three countries (Belgium, France and theNetherlands) reported data derived from sentinel systems that only capture chlamydia diagnoses from a selectionof healthcare providers. Since 2023, Italyreport data with national coverage instead of sentinel surveillance data.Reporting chlamydia infection ismandatoryin the countries that maintain a comprehensive surveillance system,while it is voluntary in countries with a sentinel system. Data from sentinel systems(Belgium, France and the Netherlands)were not usedin the calculation ofnational oroverallratesbecausethe population coveragewas not alwaysknown and denominatorsweretherefore notavailable.As a result, national and EU/EEA notification rates are calculated only for countries with comprehensivesurveillance systems and known population denominators.Cases are analysed by date of diagnosis.Surveillancedata on chlamydia were not available from Austria, Czechia andGermanyfor 2015–2024, from Liechtenstein for2015–2019, and from France for 2018–2020. Additionally,data fromLuxembourg were excluded from 10-year trend analysesby rate and case numbersdue tochanges inthesurveillance system in 2020. Analyses of gender over time included only countries that had reported gender with at least 85% completenessevery year.Analyses of transmission category excludes countries that did not report transmission category with atleast 50% completeness each year. Cases are analysed by date of diagnosis Epidemiology In 2024, 27 countries reported 213 443 confirmed chlamydia cases (Table 1). The crude notification rate for the24EU/EEA countries with comprehensive surveillance systems was 63.4 per 100000 population. Notification rates of cases of chlamydia infection varied considerably across the EU/EEA (Table 1, Figure 1). Thehighest country-specific rates of over 240 cases per 100000 population were in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norwayand Sweden–countries thattogether reported 35% of chlamydia cases in 2024. The lowest rates (of less than threecases per 100000 population) were reported by Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Poland and Romania, accounting for 0.6%of th