梅毒2024年年度流行病学报告

Syphilis Annual Epidemiological Report for 2024 Key facts •In 2024, 45 577 confirmed syphilis cases were reported by 29 EU/EEA Member States, corresponding to acrude notification rate of 10.8 cases per 100000 population in countries with comprehensive surveillance.•Between 2015 and 2024, syphilis notification rates more than doubled, reaching the highest levelsobserved during the past decade.•Syphilis notification rates in 2024 were over six times higher among men than women, with the highest Introduction Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteriumTreponema pallidum[1]. It can also be transmittedthrough vertical transmission(congenital syphilis). Syphilis can be acquired during sexual activitythroughdirect contactwith treponema-rich, open lesions and contaminated secretions from anpartnerwho has the infection. After an averageincubation period of three weeks (range 10−90 days) a lesion (chancre, that is usually painless) at the site of infectionoccurs (primary syphilis), followed by a series of eruptions on mucous membranes and skin (secondary syphilis).Untreated infection can become latent, early latent syphilis (within first 12 months of infection) and late latent (one year Methods Thisreport is based on data for 2024 retrieved fromEpiPulse Caseson 7 April 2026.EpiPulse Cases is a system forthe collection, analysis and dissemination of data on communicable diseases; it replaced The European SurveillanceSystem (TESSy) in October 2024. For a detailed description of methods used to produce this report, refer to the ‘Methods’chapter of ECDC’s ‘AnnualEpidemiological Report’[3]. An overview of the national surveillance systems is availableon the ECDC website[4]. A subset of the data used for this report is available through ECDC’s online ‘SurveillanceAtlas ofInfectiousDiseases’[5]. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.Syphilis. In: ECDC. AnnualEpidemiologicalReportfor2024. Stockholm: ECDC; 2026. Stockholm,May2026 For 2024, the majority of countries (22/29) reported data using the standard EU case definitions[6]. Five countriesreported using national case definitions and two countries did not state the case definition used. Cases were analysed by date of diagnosis. Most countries (26) had comprehensive surveillance systems. Three countries (Belgium, France and theNetherlands) reported data derived from sentinel systems that captured syphilis diagnoses only from a selection ofhealthcare providers. Reporting of syphilis infection is compulsory in 26 countries and voluntary in the three Data from sentinel surveillance systems were not used to calculate national or overall rates,becausethepopulation coveragewas not alwaysknown and denominatorsweretherefore not available.As a result, national Additionally,data fromLuxembourgand Francewere excluded from 10-year trend analysesby rate and casenumbersdue to changes inthesurveillance systemsin 2020. Analyses of gender over time included only countries thatreported gender with at least 85% completeness everyyear. Analyses of transmission category excludes countries that did not report transmission category with at least Some countries did not provide information on the stage of infection; therefore, allreported syphilis cases areincluded in the analysis, irrespective of infection stage. As a result, for some countries, cases of non-infectious Epidemiology Geographicaldistribution In 2024, a total of 45 577 confirmed syphilis cases were reported in 29 EU/EEA countries, corresponding to a crudenotification rate of 10.8cases per 100000 population among countries with comprehensive surveillance systems The highest rates were observed in Malta (60.3 per 100000 population), followed by Spain (23.8), Portugal (20.7),Hungary (18.0), Ireland (17.6), Luxembourg (15.0), Iceland (14.3), Slovakia (13.1), and Germany (11.4). Thelowest rates-three or fewer cases per 100000 population-were observed in Croatia (0.9 per 100 000 population) Rates for Belgium, France and the Netherlands were not calculated as the reported data were from sentinel systems wherepopulation denominators were unknown. Gender The overall male-to-female ratio was 6.4:1in 2024, with notification rates of 19.4 cases per 100000 population inmen (36 609 cases) and 3.0 cases per 100000 population among women (5 703 cases). In addition, 177 cases In 2024, notification rates among men exceeding 20 cases per 100000 population were observed in Germany, Hungary,Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal, and Spain. Among women, thehighestrates (≥5cases per 100000 There were marked differences in the male-to-female ratios across countries. Ratios of 10:1 or above werereported by Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, while ratios 2:1 or lower Age In 2024, information on age was available for cases reported from 28 countries. Information on age wasunavailable for Poland,which accountedfor 6% of all casesin t