侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病2023年年度流行病学报告

Invasive meningococcal disease Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 Key facts •In 2023, 1 895 confirmed cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), including 200 deaths, werereported in 30 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries.•France, Germany and Spain accounted for 57% of all confirmed IMD cases in 2023.•The notification rate of IMD rose to 0.4 cases per 100 000 population in 2023, which is the highestsince 2020. Age-specific notification rates were highest in infants under one year old, followed by 1–4-year-olds and 15–24-year-olds.•Serogroup B remains the major cause of IMD. It accounted for 57% of cases with known serogroup Introduction Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a serious bacterial infection caused by the Gram-negative diplococcusNeisseria meningitidis. The bacterium is often detected in the nasopharynx without causing disease, described asasymptomatic carriage. It occasionally invades the body and causes meningococcal infection. IMD is a major causeof meningitis (occurring in 37–49% of cases) and septicaemia (18–33%) [1]. It is of public health concern becauseof its severe morbidity and relatively high case fatality rate (8–15%). In the European Union/European Economic Methods This report is based on data for 2023 retrieved from EpiPulse Cases on 12 March 2025. EpiPulse Cases is a systemfor the collection, analysis and dissemination of data on communicable diseases; it replaced The EuropeanSurveillance System (TESSy) in October 2024. For a detailed description of the methods used to produce this report, please refer to the Methods chapter in the‘Introduction to the Annual Epidemiological Report’ [2].An overview of the national surveillance systems isavailable online [3]. Additional data on this disease are accessible from ECDC’s online Surveillance Atlas of Thirty EU/EEA countries reported data on IMD to ECDC. Most countries used the EU case definition for confirmedcases [5] or a comparable case definition [3]. Most countries reported data from comprehensive, passive surveillance systems with national coverage. Belgiumreported data from a sentinel surveillance system. Bulgaria reported aggregate data in 2023. Epidemiology In 2023, 30 EU/EEA countries reported 1 895 confirmed cases of IMD (Table 1). This is the highest since 2020 andhas tripled compared with 2021. Three countries (France, Germany and Spain) accounted for 57% of all confirmedcases. Liechtenstein reported zero cases. The overall notification rate was 0.4 cases per 100 000 population, which was slightly lower than in 2019(0.5 cases per 100 000 population). By country, the notification rate ranged from less than 0.1 cases (Bulgaria) to0.8 cases per 100 000 population (France and Ireland) (Table 1, Figure 1). Belgium, Lithuania and the Netherlandseach reported the second highest notification rate, 0.7 cases per 100 000 population. Nearly all reporting countries Age and gender In 2023, the notification rate for IMD was highest among young children, with 6.5 confirmed cases per 100 000population in infants under one year old and 1.2 confirmed cases per 100 000 population in 1–4-year-olds(Figure 2), as observed in previous years. The notification rate in 15–24-year-olds (0.8 per 100 000 population) Notification rates in men were higher than or equivalent to those in women in all age groups except older adults(50–64 years and 65 years and above age groups), where notification rates in women were slightly higher than inmen. Compared with other age groups, the notification rate was particularly higher in male infants (under one year Source: Country reports from Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden. Seasonality and trends IMD usually occurs primarily in the winter months and the number of cases is lowest in the summer. In 2023, thenumber of confirmed cases peaked in January, followed by March and December (Figure 4). Compared with theprevious three years (2020–2022), the number of confirmed cases in 2023 significantly increased (Figure 3). Source: Country reports from Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain and Sweden. Source: Country reports from Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden. Serogroup Out of 1 895 confirmed IMD cases reported in 2023, 1 806 (95%) had a documented serogroup. Most of thesebelonged to serogroup B (57%), followed by serogroups Y