多国霍乱爆发，流行病学最新情况#34-2026年2月21日

Epidemiological Updaten.34published21February2026 Inthisedition: •Overview•Global epidemiological update•WHO regional overviews•Focuson selectedsubregions andcountries Overview Dataas of25 January2026 •In January 2026 (epidemiological weeks 1 to 4), a total of 16 912new choleraand acute watery diarrhoea (AWD)cases were reported from 19 countries, territories,andareas (hereafter countries) acrossthreeWHO regions,showing a 6% decrease from the previous month.The African Region registered the highest number of cases,followed by the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and the South-East Asia Region.This periodalso saw182cholera-related deaths globally,highlightinga20%increase from the previous month.No outbreaks were reportedin the Western Pacific Regionor Region of the Americasduring this time. •Cholera cases and deaths in January 2026were57% and54% lower than inJanuary2025(39 434cases and398deaths across 23countries).•In recent years, conflict, mass displacement, disasters from natural hazards, and climate change have intensifiedoutbreaks, particularly in rural and flood-affected areas, where poor infrastructure and limited healthcare accessdelay treatment. These cross-border factors have made cholera outbreaks increasingly complex and harder tocontrol.•The data presented here should be interpreted withcaution.Potential underreporting and reporting delaysmayaffect timeliness and accuracy, whilevariations in surveillance systems, standard case definitions, and laboratorycapacitiescan limit direct comparability among countries. These factors also influencethe global case fatality rate(CFR), requiring careful examination.Unless otherwise specified, the term 'cholera cases' includes both suspectedand confirmed cases. Data in this report may be adjusted retrospectively as more information becomes available.For the latest data, please consult WHO’sGlobal Cholera and AWD Dashboard. Globalepidemiological update InJanuary2026, (epidemiological weeks1to4),a total of16 912new cholera and AWD cases were reported from19countries acrossthreeWHO regions,representinga6% decrease from the previous monthand a57% decreasecompared to January 2025(39 434cases across 23countries). The global decline was largely driven bysignificantreductionsin thenumber of cases reported across theAfrican Region andEastern MediterraneanRegion. In January 2026, theAfrican Region reported the highest number of cases(9782 cases; 13 countries),followed bytheEastern MediterraneanRegion (7069cases;fivecountries)andthe South-East Asia Region (61cases;onecountry).No cases were reported from theWestern Pacific Regionor the Region of the Americas. Duringthe same period,182 cholera-related deaths were reported globally.While this marks a 20% increasecompared to December 2025, it remains54% lower than the mortality burden of January 2025(398deaths).InJanuary 2026, the highest number of deaths was recorded in theAfrican Region (181deaths;9countries), followedby the Eastern Mediterranean Region (onedeath;onecountry).No deaths were reported from theSouth-East AsiaRegion, the Western Pacific Region, or the Region of the Americas. *Case and death numbers presented are not directly comparable due to differences in case definitions, reporting systems, and general underreporting. All data are subject to verification andchange due to data availability and accessibility. Respective figures and numbers will be updated as more information becomes available. The data in Table 1 includes suspected, rapiddiagnostic test (RDT) positive, and culture-confirmed cholera cases. As multiple countries report only total data on deaths, the reportedCFR is calculated throughout based on the totalnumber of deaths reported. The Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) recommends that CFR be calculated using only facility deaths, with the number of community deaths reportedseparately. WHOregionaloverviews African Region InJanuary2026, the African Region reported9782new cholera cases across 13countries, marking a15%increasecompared withDecember2025.The highest number ofcases were reported fromtheDemocratic Republic of theCongo (6543),Mozambique (1287),andSouth Sudan(455).A total of181cholera-related deathswerereported,representinga27%increase compared with the previous month.The highest numbersof deathswerereported fromtheDemocratic Republic of the Congo (148);Mozambique (8);andAngola,Malawi,andSouth Sudan(6each). Eastern Mediterranean Region InJanuary 2026, the Eastern Mediterranean Region reported7069new choleraand AWDcases acrossfivecountries,marking a25% decrease compared with December 2025.The highest number of cases were reported fromAfghanistan(5391),Yemen(943),and Pakistan(493).One cholera-related death was reported in Yemen,representingan80%decrease compared with the previous month. South-East Asia Region InJanuary 2026, the South-East Asia Region reported61newAWDcasesin Myanmar, marking a22% decreasecompared withDecember2025.Nocholeraor AWD-related deathswererepo