多国霍乱爆发，外部形势报告#26-2022年5月22日

Globalepidemiological updateIn April 2025 (epidemiological weeks 14 to 17), a total of 37 147 new cholera andAWDcases were reported from 18countries acrossthreeWHO regions, showing a 5% increase fromMarch 2025. The African Region (22801 cases;12 countries) reported the highest number of cases, followed by the EasternMediterranean Region (14103 cases;fourcountries),andthe South-East Asia Region (243 cases;twocountries).No cases were reported in other WHOregions.In the same period, 561 cholera-related deaths werealsoregisteredglobally, representing a 3% decreasecompared withMarch. The highest number of fatalities was recorded in the African Region (504 deaths;eightcountries), followed by the Eastern Mediterranean Region (57 deaths;fourcountries).No deaths were reported in theSouth-East Asiaregion.From 1 Januaryto 27 April 2025, a cumulative total of 157 035 cholera cases and 2148 deaths were reported globallyacrossthreeWHO regions. The region with the highest reported case count was the African Region (91195 cases;17 countries), followed by the Eastern Mediterranean Region (63972 cases;sixcountries),andthe South-East AsiaRegion (1868 cases;fivecountries). During this period, cholera deaths were reported in the African Region (1913deaths),andthe Eastern Mediterranean Region (235 deaths).No deaths were reported in the South-East Asia Region.Thedata presented here should be interpretedcautiouslydue to potentialunderreporting andreportingdelays.Thismay affect the timeliness of reports, and consequently, the presented figures might not accuratelyrepresent the true burden of cholera.The diversity of surveillance systems, case definitions, and laboratory capacitiesamong countries means that statistics on cholera cases and deaths are not directly comparable. Additionally,theglobalcase fatality rate (CFR)for cholera warrants a prudent examination as it is heavily influenced by variations insurveillance methodologies.In this document, the term'cholera cases' encompasses both suspected and confirmedcases, unless specified otherwise for specific countries. The data within this report are subject to potentialretrospective adjustments as more accurate information becomes available.For the latest data, please refer to WHO’sGlobal Cholera and AWD Dashboard.Figure 1.Cholera andacute watery diarrhoea(AWD)cases per 100 000, 1Januaryto27April2025 2 3* Case and death numbers presented are not directly comparable due todifferences in case definitions, reporting systems, and general underreporting.All data are subject to verification and change due to data availability and accessibility. Respective figures and numbers will be updated as more informationbecomes available. The data in Table 1 includes suspected, rapid diagnostic test (RDT) positive, and culture-confirmed cholera cases.As multiple countries report only total data on deaths,thereported CFR is calculated throughout based on the total number of deaths reported.The GlobalTask Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC)recommends that CFR be calculated using only facility deaths,with the number of community deaths reportedseparately.** Afghanistan and Myanmar report AWD cases.*** The reported number of suspected cholera and AWD cases is based on the availablePublic Health Bulletin published by the National Institute of Healthof Pakistan.¥Includes all reported suspected cholera and AWD cases from Yemen.§Countries which did not report cholera casesbetween1and27April2025# Among the total of327cases reported from India,16cases were confirmed. WHOregionaloverviewsAfrican RegionIn April 2025, the African Region reported 22 801 new cholera/ AWDcases across 12 countries, marking a 2%decreasesinceMarch. During this period,the highest number ofcases were reported from South Sudan (8042),Angola (6201),andtheDemocratic Republic of the Congo (5600). Additionally, there were 504 cholera-related deaths,a 11% decrease compared withMarch.The highest number of deaths were reported fromSouth Sudan (187), Angola(164),and theDemocratic Republic of the Congo (129).From 1 January to 27 April2025, a total of 91 195 cholera/ AWDcases were reported across 17 countries in theAfrican Region.The highest number ofcases were reported from South Sudan (55103),theDemocratic Republic ofthe Congo (53136),andEthiopia (31160).During the same period, a total of 1913 deaths were reported from 18 countries,with the highest numbers recordedinSouth Sudan (1071),theDemocratic Republic of the Congo (889),andNigeria (768).Eastern Mediterranean RegionIn April 2025, the EasternMediterranean Region reported 14 103 new cholera/ AWDcases acrossfourcountries,marking a 22% increasesince March. During this period,the highest number ofcases were reported from Afghanistan(10182), Sudan (1801), Yemen (1352),andSomalia (768). Additionally, there were 57 cholera-related deaths, a 338%increase compared withMarch. Those deaths were reported from Sudan (49), Somalia (4), Afghanistan (3),andYemen (1).From 1 January to 27April 2025, a total o