多国霍乱爆发，外部形势报告#25-2025年4月22日

External Situation Report n.25, published22April2025 Inthisedition: •Overview•Global epidemiological update•WHO regional overviews•Focuson selectedsubregions andcountries•Operational updates•Keychallenges•Nextsteps Overview Dataas of30March2025 •InMarch2025 (epidemiological weeks10to13), a total of32985new choleraand /oracute watery diarrhoea(AWD)cases were reported from22countries, territories, areas (hereafter countries) acrossthreeWHO regions,reflectinga9% decrease fromFebruary. The African Region registered the highest number of cases, followed bythe Eastern MediterraneanRegionandthe South-East Asia Region. The period also saw517cholera-relateddeaths globally, highlighting an8%decreasefrom the previous month. •While the seasonal decline in transmission during winter months maypartlyexplainthe reductionincase numbersin some regions,the overall cholera data remains incomplete due to underreporting and reporting delays.Additionally, extreme weather eventsand conflict, such as the ongoing insecurity in the Democratic Republic ofthe Congo, have resulted in low or no reporting from some areas.Giventhese complexities,the datapresentedherelikely underestimatesthe trueburden of choleraand should be interpreted with caution. •Since the last report, new cholera outbreakshave been reported inKenya andNamibia.Since January 2025,25countries have reported cholera / AWD outbreaks, most of which are continuations from the previous year. •Conflict, mass displacement, disastersfrom natural hazards, and climate change have intensified outbreaks,particularly in rural and flood-affected areas,were poor infrastructure and limited healthcare access delaytreatment. These cross-borderfactorshave made cholera outbreaks increasingly complex and harder to control. •From 1 January to30March2025, a cumulative total of116574cholera cases and1514deaths were reportedfrom 25countries acrossthreeWHO regions, with the African Region recording the highest numbers, followed bythe Eastern Mediterranean Regionandthe South-East Asia Region. •In March, the average stockpile of Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV)stabilizedat 5.2 million doses, the fourthconsecutive month above the five million needed for emergency stockpile at all times. However, growing globaldemand continues to exceed supply, hindering efforts to control cholera outbreaks, respond rapidly to thedisease’s spread, and implement preventative campaigns. Globalepidemiological update InMarch2025 (epidemiological weeks10to13), a total of32985new cholera and AWD cases were reported from22countries acrossthreeWHO regions, showing a9% decrease fromFebruary2025.The AfricanRegion (22372cases; 16countries) reported the highest number of cases, followed by the Eastern Mediterranean Region (10343cases;fourcountries)andthe South-East Asia Region (270cases;twocountries).No cases were reportedinotherWHOregions.Inthe same period,517cholera-related deaths werealsoregisteredglobally, representingan8%decreasecompared withFebruary. The highest number of fatalities was recorded in the African Region (504deaths;ninecountries), followed by the Eastern Mediterranean Region (13deaths;twocountries).No deaths were reportedin the South-East Asia region. From 1 January to30March2025, a cumulative total of116574cholera cases and1514deaths were reportedglobally acrossthreeWHO regions. The region with the highest reported case count was the African Region (66689cases; 17countries), followed by the Eastern Mediterranean Region (48 619cases;sixcountries)andtheSouth-EastAsia Region (1266cases;fivecountries). During this period, cholera deaths were reported in the African Region (1336deaths),andthe Eastern Mediterranean Region (178deaths),No deaths were reported in the South-East AsiaRegion. Thedata presented here should be interpretedcautiouslydue to potentialunderreporting andreportingdelays.Thismay affect the timeliness of reports, and consequently, the presented figures might not accuratelyrepresent the true burden of cholera.The diversity of surveillance systems, case definitions, and laboratory capacitiesamong countries means that statistics on cholera cases and deaths are not directly comparable. Additionally,theglobalcase fatality rate (CFR)for cholera warrants a prudent examination as it is heavily influenced by variations insurveillance methodologies.In this document, the term 'cholera cases' encompasses both suspected and confirmedcases, unless specified otherwise for specific countries. The data within this report are subject to potentialretrospective adjustments as more accurate information becomes available.For the latest data, please refer to WHO’sGlobal Cholera and AWD Dashboard. * Case and death numbers presented are not directly comparable due to differences incase definitions, reporting systems, and general underreporting.All data are subject to verification and change due to data availability and accessibility. Respective figures and numbers will be updated as more informationbecomes availa