猴痘多国疫情，外部形势报告#53-2025年5月29日

1Number of reportedconfirmedcasesNumber of deathsamong confirmedcases142151328Number of reported confirmedcasesNumber of deaths among confirmed20242025202419 11717 19351141768084271352497213026480294698815618159811712511183 2adultsin urban contexts,concentrated in and around Freetown.Prior to this surge, only clade IIb MPXV hadbeen detected, but efforts are underway to carry out genomic sequencing analysis for more recent samples.AWHOmissionis underway to bolsterthe outbreak response.•Australia has reported its first case of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV, linked to travel to Thailand.Thailand hasonly reported travel-related cases of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV so far.•This report provides an overview of mpox vaccination in countries in the African Region, where to date morethan720 000doses of MVA-BN vaccines have been administered in sevencountries.Ofalldoses,81%havebeen administered in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, wheremicroplanningis ongoingto optimizeuseof thelimitedvaccinesupplywith targeted vaccination strategies. Inthis edition:•Contextual description•Epidemiological update•Global monkeypox virus (MPXV) distribution•Overview of mpox outbreaks by virus clade•Global trends•Laboratory-confirmed cases reported in Africa•Focus on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (clade Ia & Ib MPXV)•Other countries reporting cases of mpox due to clade I MPXV•First case of mpox due to clade Ib MPXV reported in Australia•Mpox vaccination in the African Region•Globaloperationalupdates•Emergency coordination•Collaborative surveillance•Community protection•Safe and scalable care•Access to and delivery of countermeasures•Mpox resources•Annex 1. Latest Rapid Risk Assessment of February 2025 3 Contextual descriptionThis report provides an update on:•the global epidemiological situation for mpox with data as of30 April2025;•the epidemiological situation for mpox in Africa(including countries in the WHO African Region and someinthe WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region), with data as of18May2025;•updatesonimported cases of mpox due to clade I MPXVas of21May2025;•operationalresponseupdates as of23May2025.Thelatestmpoxupdates canalsobefoundintheWHO mpox surveillance report.The epidemiological content of the report is based on information from global mpoxindicator-basedsurveillancesetup in 2022. This surveillancesystemcollectsdataonconfirmed and probable mpox cases and deaths reportedby Member Statesto WHO or reportedpubliclythroughofficial MemberStateresources (webpages, surveillancedashboards,as well as epidemiological and situation reports).Giventhelimitedaccess toPolymeraseChainReaction (PCR)testingofsuspected cases in some settings,particularly inthe Democratic Republic of the Congo,WHO alsoreportssuspected(clinically compatible)mpox caseswhich meet thecountry’snational clinical casedefinition forsuspectedmpoxsince the declaration of thepublichealthemergency ofinternationalconcern(PHEIC) on 14 August2024.Theindicator of suspected cases should be interpreted withcaution, as suspected cases that undergo testing arenot removed from theoverallcountof suspected cases, independently from the test results.Intheabsence ofmore detailed information, it iscurrentlynot possible to correctly subtract confirmed cases from the totalnumberofsuspected cases reported;therefore,the confirmed casesrepresenta subset of suspected cases.Thecasedefinitionforsuspected mpoxinthe Democratic Republic of the Congo can be foundhere.Information onoperational updateshas been provided bytheglobalmpoxincident managementsupport teamatWHO headquarters, and theinformation onimported casesis based onnotificationsreceived byWHOfromMember Statesunder theprovisions of the International Health Regulations (2005).For referencepurposes, asummary of thelatestWHO global mpox rapidriskassessment conducted inFebruary2025can be found inAnnex 1. 4 Epidemiological update3,4Globalmonkeypox virus (MPXV)distributionAs of18May2025,the distribution of reported MPXV clades by country of detection is shown in Figure1. Thisinformation is compiled fromgenomesequencing conducted andreportedvia different sources,includingopen-access databases, peer-reviewed publications,reportsanddirect communication to WHO, including through itsTechnical Advisory Group on Virus Evolution(TAG-VE).Since its first detection in September 2023,clade Ib MPXV has been detected in30countries(Figure1).Eighteenof these countries haveonly everreported travel-related cases,that is,infections in individuals who wereexposedincountrieswithcommunity transmissionof clade Ib MPXV inCentral or EasternAfrica, or who were contactsoftravelersreturning from these regions.Twelvecountries haveeverreported community transmission of this clade,10countriesof whichwerestill experiencing community transmissionduringthe lastsixweeks.Figure 1.Geographic distribution of MPXV clades reported to WHO, by country, 1 January 2022 to18May20255.3On the African continent there are 47 Member States in the WHO African Region and seven in the