猴痘多国疫情，外部形势报告#58-2025年9月19日

Multi-countryexternalsituationreportno.58published19September2025 Highlights •Following the convening of theEmergency Committee under the provisions of theInternationalHealthRegulations (2005)on 4 September 2025,the WHO Director-General determined thatthempox multi-country outbreak no longer constitutes a public health emergency of internationalconcern (PHEIC).•The lifting of the PHEIC does not mean the threat is over, and WHO’s response continues. Mpoxcontinues to circulate, especially in Africa where over 90% of cases are reported, and flare-ups remainpossibleeverywhere. Vulnerable groups, particularly children, pregnant womenand people living withHIV, continue to face higher risksfor severe disease and death. Surveillance, diagnostics, communityengagement, and response capacity must therefore be maintained.•The rapid riskassessment of the overall public health risk posed by mpox was updated on2 September2025.The overallglobalpublic health risk was assessed as moderate.•All clades ofthemonkeypox virus (MPXV)continuetocirculate.Whenmpox outbreaks are notrapidlycontained and human-to-human transmission is notinterrupted, theyposea risk of sustained communitytransmission.•Since the last edition of this report,one country,Kuwait,has reported mpox for the first time; genomicsequencing analysisidentifiedclade IIb MPXV.Japanand Senegalhavereported cases of mpox dueto clade Ib MPXV for the first time.•InAugust2025,59countriesacross allWHO regions reported a total of 3780confirmed cases, including15deaths (case fatality ratio [CFR] 0.4%).TheEastern Mediterraneanand Europeanregions reportedan increase in cases inAugustcompared to July 2025,while theAfrican Region,Region of theAmericas, South-East Asia Region and Western PacificRegionreported a decrease.•Nineteencountries in Africa have reportedactivempox transmission in the past six weeks. Clade IIbMPXV continues to bemostlyreported in West Africa, Central African countries report both clade Ia andclade IbMPXV, and East African countries report clade Ib MPXV.•Australiaand Thailandhavereported additional cases ofmpox due toclade Ib MPXV since the lastsituation report.These cases have been linked to travel, and community transmission of clade Ib MPXVcontinues toonly bereported in countries in central andeastern Africa. Epidemiological update Thissituation report includesonly the most relevantnewinformationonmpox outbreaks and response activities.More detailed epidemiologicalanalyses anddataare availablein theWHO mpox surveillance report. Global monkeypox virus (MPXV) distribution Since thelast situation report,Japan and Senegalhavereportedthe detection ofclade Ib MPXV for the first time(Figure 1).Only one country, Kuwait,has reported mpox for the first time,with genomic sequencinganalysisrevealingclade IIbMPXV.Detailed informationonclade-specifictransmission dynamicscan be found in thesituation report#53. Figure 1.Geographic distribution of MPXV clades reported to WHO, by country,1 January 2022to14September20251. Community transmission of clade Ib MPXVremains limited to countriesinCentral and EastAfrica(Figure 2), whilemost countrieswithprevioussporadicimportationsarenot reportingactive transmissionofclade Ib MPXV. Figure 2.Clade IbMPXV transmission status within the last six weeks, by country, as of16 September2025. Global situation Global surveillanceis updatedmonthly,and the latestdata availableareas of 31August2025.InAugust2025,59countriesgloballyreported a total of3780confirmed cases(Figure 3), including15deaths (case fatality ratio[CFR] 0.4%)2. Mostmonthly cases continue to bereported in the African Region (Figure 4), wherethedownward trendof confirmedcases followingthe peak inMay 2025continues(more detailsin theAfrica section). TheWHORegion of the Americas, despite reporting a 33% decrease in the number of confirmed casesin August compared to July 2025,recordedthe second highest number of confirmed cases in August 2025(253 cases), most ofwhich were reported by the United Statesof America (165 cases).The regions whichreported an increase in cases included theEuropean Region, which observedthe highestincreaseincases(34%, 203 vs 152 cases)forAugust2025compared to July2025,andthe Eastern MediterraneanRegion, whichreportedsevenconfirmed cases in August2025, compared to no cases reportedin July2025. The countries which reportedthe highest number ofcases in theEuropean RegionwereSpain(76cases), Germany(22 cases), France(20 cases),and the United Kingdom(18 cases). TheWestern Pacificand theSouth-East AsiaRegionsreportedamonthlydecrease in casesforAugust2025comparedto July2025, withdecreases of25% and 24% respectively. Situation in Africa From 1 January to14September2025,25countries in Africa have reported34273confirmed mpox cases,including158 deaths(CFR 0.5%).Nineteen countries on the continent have reported ongoing activetransmission of mpox in the lastsixweeks(Figure5). Overall, the epidemic trend in confirmed cases continues to decline (Figure 6). H