莱索托王国贸易便利化的性别层面（英）

Gender Dimensions ofTrade FacilitationPublic Disclosure Authorized © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions.The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do notnecessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors,or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency ofthe data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors,omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to theuse of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions setforth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown onany map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bankconcerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptanceof such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitationupon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of whichare specifically reserved. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bankencourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, inwhole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to thiswork is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressedto World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington,DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. COVER PHOTOS: •© Summit Art Creations/Shutterstock•© Marcel Croze/International Labour Organization via Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0•© pg-images/iStockphoto List of Acronyms AEOAuthorized Economic OperatorCLPCertificates, Licenses and PermitsLCCTLesotho Coordinating Committee on TradeLNSWLesotho National Single WindowLTIPLesotho Trade Information PortalNTFCNational Trade Facilitation CommitteePTPPreferred trader programRSLRevenue Services LesothoSADCSouthern African Development CommunitySACUSouthern African Customs UnionSITCStandard international trade classificationSPSSanitary and PhytosanitarySOPStandard Operating ProcedureTFATrade Facilitation AgreementTFSPTrade Facilitation Support ProgramOGAOther Government AgencyWBGWorld Bank GroupWCOWorld Customs OrganizationWTOWorld Trade Organization Country Overview Top import partners (2022):South Africa, China,Taiwan, Zimbabwe, and India9 Population (2024):2.4 million1 GDP (current USD, 2022):2.2 billion2 Top imported commodities (SITC classification,2022):Manufactured goods classified chieflyby material; food and live animals; mineral fuels,lubricants and related materials10 Income category:Lower-middle income3 GNI per capita, female/male (based on 2017 PPP$,2022):2,129/3,3044 Labor force participation rate (percent offemale/malepopulation ages 15+,2023):57.6/73.05 WTO TradeFacilitation Agreement ratified:January 4, 201611 Estimated population of firms trading acrossborders (2023):2,94612 Merchandised trade(USD,2023):exports:0.8 billion, imports: 1.8 billion6 Estimatedpopulation of customs brokers(2023):4813 Top export partners (2022):South Africa, UnitedStates, Belgium, eSwatini, and Germany7 Top exports by value (SITC classification, 2022):Miscellaneous manufactures articles; manufacturedgoods classified chiefly by material; beverages andtobacco8 1United Nations Population Fund.2024.World PopulationDashboard. Accessed May 23, 2024. https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/LS. 9Ibid. 10Ibid. 2World Bank. 2024. World Bank Open Data. Accessed May 23,2024. https://data.worldbank.org/. 11World Trade Organization. 2024. Trade Facilitation AgreementDatabase. Accessed May 23, 2024. https://tfadatabase.org/en/members/lesotho. 3According to the WBG’s classification, lower-middle income isdefined as having a GNI per capita between $1,136 and $4,465.Source: World Bank. 2024. World Bank Country and LendingGroups. Accessed May 23, 2024. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups. 12A list of 27,057 trade firms with trade transactions between2014–2023 was provided by Revenue Services Lesotho (RSL).Following the removal of duplicates and limiting the scope to firmswith transactions within 2022–2023 only, a master list comprising3,322 firms engaged in imports and/or exports was screened. Uponscreening, an additional 116 inactive firms and 260 ineligible firms(NGOs, bi-national, government entities, or religious organization)were removed. 4United Nations. 2024. Gender Development Index: HumanDevelopment Reports. Accessed May 23, 2024. https://hdr.undp.org/gender-development-index#/indicies/GDI. 13The list of customs brokers was provided by RSL. 5Labor force participat