斯威士兰王国贸易便利化的性别维度（英）

Gender Dimensions ofTrade FacilitationPublic Disclosure Authorized © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet:www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions.The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do notnecessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors,or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency ofthe data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors,omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to theuse of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions setforth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown onany map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bankconcerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptanceof such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitationupon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of whichare specifically reserved. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bankencourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, inwhole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to thiswork is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressedto World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington,DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. COVER PHOTOS •© World Bank/Chris Morgan•© EunikaSopotnicka/iStockPhoto•© proudlyswazi/Unsplash List of Acronyms AEOAuthorized Economic OperatorNSWNational Single WindowNTFCNational Trade Facilitation CommitteeSADCSouthern African Development CommunitySACUSouthern African Customs UnionSOPStandard Operating ProcedureTFATrade Facilitation AgreementWBGWorld Bank GroupWTOWorld Trade Organization Country Overview Population (2024), female/male (percentage oftotal population):1.2 million,150.4/49.62 Merchandise trade (percent of GDP, 2022):918 Top exports by value (2021–2022):Essential oilsand resinoids; Raw sugar cane; Chemical products;Wood and articles of wood; Women’s or girl’s trousers,bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts of cotton(excl. knitted or crocheted)9 GDP (current US$, 2023):4.6 billion3 Income category:Lower-middle income4 GNI per capita, female/male (based on 2017PPP$, 2022):6,958/9,8485 Top imports by value (2021–2022):Petroleumoils(excl.crude);Electrical energy;Electro-diagnostic apparatus; Plain woven fabrics of cotton;Pharmaceutical products.10 Gender Inequality Index (2022):0.4916 Labor force participation rate, female/male(percent of total population ages 15+, 2023):47.4/54.77 WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement ratificationdate:November 21, 201611 Estimated number of active cross-border tradefirms:2,18812 Estimatednumber of active customs brokers(2023):5213 1United Nations.2022.“Eswatini Annual Results Report.”Eswatini.UN.org. Assessed July 17, 2024.https://eswatini.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-05/One%20UN%20Report%202022%20-%20Eswatini%20-%20digital_1.pdf. 8The World Bank (database). 2022. World Bank Group Trade (% ofGDP). 1960–2022. Accessed June 28, 2024.https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS. 9Based on latest available figures: The World Bank. 2021. WorldIntegrated Trade Solution. Eswatini Trade. Accessed June 28, 2024.https://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/en/SWZ. 2The World Bank. 2022. “Population, Eswatini.” World Bank GroupData. Assessed July 17, 2024.https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS?end=2023&locations=SZ&skipRedirection=true&start=2023&view=bar. 10Ibid. 3The World Bank.2024. “Data for Lower middle income, Eswatini.”Worldbank.org. Accessed June 28, 2024.https://data.worldbank.org/?locations=XN-SZ. 11World Trade Organization. 2024. Trade Facilitation AgreementDatabase. Accessed July 1, 2024.https://tfadatabase.org/en/members/eswatini. 4According to the WBG’s classification, lower-middle income isdefined as having a GNI per capita between $1,146 and $4,515. Source:World Bank. 2024. World Bank Country and Lending Groups. AccessedJuly 1, 2024.https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups. 12A master list of 3,254 Eswatini firms was received from theEswatini Reserve Services (ERS). Following the removal of duplicates,2,701 trade firms in the master list with at least 1 trade transactionin the 2022–23 period were eligible for screening. Of the firmsscreened, 522 firms were verified as still trading, 513 were nolonger trading, while 1,666 were not verified as trading due to eitherincorrect or missing contact details. As such, the number of t