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Updated guidance on the integration of diabetes,hypertension and mental health services, and interventionsto support adherence to antiretroviral therapy WHO guideline onHIV service delivery Updated guidance on the integration of diabetes,hypertension and mental health services, and interventionsto support adherence to antiretroviral therapy WHO guideline on HIV service delivery: updated guidance on the integration of diabetes, hypertensionand mental health services, and interventions to support adherence to antiretroviral therapy ISBN 978-92-4-011387-9 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-011388-6 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercialpurposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, thereshould be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use ofthe WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same orequivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the followingdisclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World HealthOrganization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The originalEnglish edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with themediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. WHO guideline on HIV service delivery: updated guidance on the integrationof diabetes, hypertension and mental health services, and interventions to support adherence toantiretroviral therapy. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, suchas tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for thatreuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement ofany third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publicationdo not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal statusof any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may notyet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are notmentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished byinitial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in thispublication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, eitherexpressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader.In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Contents AcknowledgementsivAbbreviationsviDefinition of key termsviiExecutive summaryix01Introduction1Purpose2Scope and target audience3Guiding principles3Methods for developing these guidelines402Integration of HIV, diabetes and hypertension care503Integration of HIV and mental health care1004Implementation considerations and research gaps1405Primary health care and HIV: integration and convergent actions1906Adherence support2107Updating and dissemination2808Guideline development process30References34 Web Annex A: Summary of declarations of interesthttps://doi.org/10.2471/B09545Web Annex B: Systematic review abstracts and GRADE evidence profileshttps://doi.org/10.2471/B09546Web Annex C: Client preferences surveyhttps://doi.org/10.2471/B09547Web Annex D: Evidence-to-decision summary of judgementhttps://doi.org/10.2471/B09548 Acknowledgements The World Health Organization (WHO)gratefully acknowledges the contributionsof many individuals and organizations to thedevelopmentof these guidelines. Aung(Department of Global Health