工作的城市：实现中东和北非城市的就业潜力

© 2026 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet:www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved This volume is a product of the staff of The World Bank Group. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflectthe views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank Group or the governmentsthey represent. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, orcurrency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibilityfor any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability withrespect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, orconclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes,and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the partof The World Bank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or theendorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authoredby others does not mean The World Bank Group endorses the views expressedby those authors or the content of their works. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this publication is subject to copyright. Because the World BankGroup encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced,in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to thiswork is given. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send arequest with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.,222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone: 978-750-8400,https://www.copyright.com For attribution, please cite the work as follows: Le Courtois, Alexandra; Murray,Sally; and Roberts, Mark. (2026)Cities that Work: Realizing the Jobs Potential ofMENA’s Cities. Washington, DC: World Bank. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, shouldbe addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group,1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625;e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Acknowledgments This report was prepared by a World Bank team led byAlexandra Le Courtois, Senior UrbanSpecialist, andMark Roberts, Lead Urban Economist (Task Team Leaders), withSally Murray,Urban Economist, as the Lead Author, under the leadership of Catherine Tovey, RegionalPractice Manager for Urban, Disaster Risk Management, and Land. Almud Weitz, RegionalPractice Director for Infrastructure, provided strategic guidance throughout the developmentof the report. The report benefits from substantive analytical contributions byYue Li(Senior Economist)andSo Young Lee(Consultant) on the World Bank Enterprise Surveys analysis, JanePark(Consultant, Urban Economy) on the nighttime light frontier analysis,Lama BouMjahed(Transport Specialist) andJai Kishan Malik(Transport Specialist) on the genderreview,Emma Heneine(Consultant, Urban Development) on the case studies,ArthurFoch(Senior Digital Specialist) andThomas Hain(Consultant, Digital) for the digital datareview,Benjamin Stewart(Senior Geographer) andKatie McWilliams(Geographer) on theproduction of maps,Cathy Lynch(Senior Urban Specialist) on housing literature inputs,andRandy Rizk(Program Assistant) for his generous administrative support. The team isdeeply grateful for their dedication and the quality of their contributions throughout thepreparation of this report. World Bank Group colleagues provided rich inputs and recommendations to strengthenthe report. Peer reviewer comments were provided byNancy Lozano Gracia, ProgramManager;Megha Mukim, Lead Urban Specialist; andThomas Farole, Principal Economist.The team further wishes to thankJohannes Koettl-Brodmann, Senior Economist, for providingvaluable comments on behalf of the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and PakistanPeople Department. Carli Venter, Senior Urban Specialist; Douglas Zeng, Senior Economist;Ruvejda Aliefendic, Senior Private Sector Specialist; and Felipe Walter, Senior Urban Specialist,reviewed case studies. The report was edited by Tabrez Altaf Ahmed and Priya Susan Thomas and designed byEstudio Relativo. The team gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided for the report by theSwiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), via SURGE, a World Bank managedUmbrella Program financed by SECO; Austria’s Ministry of Finance; the Korean Ministryof Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT); the Korean Research Institute for HumanSettlements (KRIHS); and the European Commission (EC), aimed at enabling citiesand regions in developing countries to function as drivers of sustainable and inclusiveeconomic development. Table of Contents Acknowledgments.......................................................... 3What’s New?....................................................................... 8 PART 1 MENA’S Urban Opportunity 1.1MENA Cities: A Solid Platform for Growth and Job