绿色和数字技能是中东和北非就业的途径吗？

Shwetlena SabarwalSai Sri Ram SribhashyamDamilola T. Kadiri September 2025 ©2025 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Some rights reserved. This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed inthis work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included inthis work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in theinformation, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods,processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and otherinformation shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver ofthe privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages disseminationof its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as This report is part of the task “Embracing and Shaping Change: Human Development for a MiddleEast and North Africa in Transition” (P502135) produced by the MENA People team. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “Sabarwal, Shwetlena, Sai Sri Ram Sribhashyam,Damilola T. Kadiri, and Surayya Masood. 2025.Are Green and Digital Skills a Pathway to Jobs inMiddle East and North Africa?© World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625;email:pubrights@worldbank.org. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ 3Summary................................................................................................................................................. 4Technology and climate transitions could have big implications for jobs in MENA .............................. 5Youth employment is a pressing challenge in MENA......................................................................... 5MENA is undergoing a climate transition........................................................................................... 6MENA is undergoing a technology transition..................................................................................... 6To harness these opportunities, MENA needs skilled workers.......................................................... 7How to think about demand for skills? Data and Methodology ............................................................ 8Green skills demand in MENA .............................................................................................................. 10Insight 1: MENA economies are demanding green skills ................................................................. 10Insight 2: Most green jobs require some tertiary education ........................................................... 13Box 1: Green skilling opportunities are closer than we think in Saudi Arabia ..................................... 15Insight 3: Green skills are being demanded in many sectors, including some unexpected ones .... 16Insight 4: Demand for green skills is unpredictable ......................................................................... 19Digital skills demand in MENA.............................................................................................................. 20MENA’s Clean Energy Sector – A Deep Dive ........................................................................................ 28Young people and policymakers often misperceive skilling opportunities.......................................... 33How should policymakers harness the shifting skills demand? ........................................................... 34Priority 1: Adaptable workers through information, strong foundations, and flexible pathways... 36Information................................................................................................................................... 36Strong Foundations....................................................................................................................... 36Flexible Pathways......................................................................................................................... 37Priority 2: Aligned and inclusive systems ......................................................................................... 38Aligned systems........................................................................................................................... 38Inclusive systems.......