改革以实现有效覆盖：中东和北非地区具有弹性的人类发展机构（英）2025

ReformingforEffective CoveragePublic Disclosure Authorized Denizhan DuranDominique Claire Rouleau ©2025 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressedin this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or thegovernments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data includedin this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies inthe information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods,processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and otherinformation shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerningthe legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citationof works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by thoseauthors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages disseminationof its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes aslong as full attribution to this work is given. This report is part of the task “Embracing and Shaping Change: Human Development for a MiddleEast and North Africa in Transition” (P502135) produced by the MENA People team. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2025.Reforming for Effective Coverage-Resilient Human Development Institutions in the MENA Region. © World Bank." Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to WorldBankPublications,The World Bank,1818 H Street NW,Washington,DC 20433,USA;fax:202-522-2625;email: pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover design: Dania Kibbi REFORMING FOREFFECTIVE COVERAGE Resilient Human DevelopmentInstitutions in the MENA Region May 2025 Contents Overview 11 Introduction Section 1: Public institutions are at the heart of HD service deliveryand stewardship in MENA, and they are underperforming 13 Section 2: MENA institutions need to invest in core elements of governanceto improve effective coverage and population satisfaction: accountabilityis the starting point Accountability for improved effective coverage24Recruitment and performance management for the civil service27Data systems29Public Financial Management (PFM)32 Section 3: Moving beyond the core: strengthening the resilience of institutions Responsive decision-making processesFlexible and adaptive delivery systemsInstitutional learning and innovationEffective partnerships and stewardship 37394145 Section 4: Towards accountable and resilient HD systems: Recommendationsfor improving effective coverage through strengthened institutions 49 Bibliography 55 Appendixes: Case Studies67Appendix 1: Egypt’s GAHAR System to Accredit Health Providers for Quality With Links to UHI68Appendix 2: Improving the Quality and Accountability of Education in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain69Appendix 3: Learning From Citizen and Civil Society Input to Improve HD Services in Tunisia:The Life Event Action Plan70Appendix 4: Using Technology to Make Government Services More Inclusive Across GCC Countries71Appendix 5: Participatory Budgeting: Global Examples from Brazil, the Philippines, and Egypt72Appendix 6: Diagnosing Human Development Wage Bill Management Bottlenecksin Lebanon and Tunisia73Appendix 7: Türkiye’s Integrated Social Assistance System (ISAS)74Appendix 8: Saudi Arabia’s Reforms to Enhance Data Collection and Use for DecisionMaking in Human Development (HD)75Appendix 9: Integrated Registries and Social Protection Delivery in MENA: Advances in Egypt,Morocco, Jordan, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia76Appendix 10: Health and Social Registry Integration in MENA78Appendix 11: Across- and Within-country Coordination in the GCC to EnhanceDecision-making Responsiveness, Particularly in Public Health and Development Planning79Appendix 12: Malaysia’s Performance Management and Delivery Unit (PEMANDU)80Appendix 13: Responsiveness Through Data and Coordination: Improving Early ChildhoodOutcomes in Morocco81Appendix 14: Improving Social Protection Targeting Through Proxy Means Testing:Progress in Jordan, Egypt, and Iraq82Appendix 15: Effective Delivery Systems Enable Rapid Implementation of Social Protection Programs83Appendix 16: Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in Tunisia: Providing the Foundationsfor Flexible Service Delivery84Appendix 17: Argentina’s Programa Sumar: Accountability Through Flexible PFM85Appendix 18: From