2025年美国个人退休帐户(IRA)在家庭养老储蓄中的作用研究

ICI ResearchPerspective The Role of IRAs in US Households’ Saving for Retirement, 2025 Key Findings »Individual retirement accounts (IRAs) play an important role in US households’ retirement saving.In mid‑2025,44% of US households owned IRAs. Traditional IRAs were the most common type of IRA owned (33% of UShouseholds), followed by Roth IRAs (28%) and employer-sponsored IRAs (4%). IRA-owning households oftenalso had employer-sponsored retirement plan accumulations or had defined benefit plan coverage. »The majority of US households have tax-advantaged retirement savings.All told, nearly three‑quartersof US households had retirement plans through work or IRAs; being later in the lifecycle of saving, 86% ofnear‑retiree households did. »Rollovers from employer-sponsored retirement plans have fueled the growth in IRAs.In mid‑2025,61% of traditional IRA–owning households indicated that their traditional IRAs contained rolloversfrom employer-sponsored retirement plans. Among households with rollovers in their traditional IRAs,86% indicated that they had rolled over the entire retirement account balance in their most recent rollover;42% had also made contributions to their traditional IRAs at some point. »Traditional IRA–owning households with rollovers cite multiple reasons for rolling over their retirementplan assets into traditional IRAs.The three most common primary reasons for rolling over were notwanting to leave assets behind at the former employer, wanting to consolidate assets, and wanting moreinvestment options (19%, 25%, and 15% of traditional IRA–owning households with rollovers, respectively). »Recent years show a slight upward trend in contribution activity, although fewer than one in five UShouseholds make contributions to IRAs.Across all US households, 17% contributed to traditional or RothIRAs in tax year 2024. Looking at households owning traditional or Roth IRAs in mid-2025, 38% madecontributions in tax year 2024. »Households cite economic reasons for not contributing to their IRAs.Noncontributing traditional IRA−owninghouseholds cited being retired, inability to save, or not meeting eligibility requirements to help explain lack ofcontributions. Four in 10 noncontributing traditional IRA−owning households indicated they were retired andno longer saving. Nearly four in 10 indicated they either didn’t have extra money to save or their retirementplans at work met their savings needs. About one-quarter were unable to meet eligibility requirements. Morethan four in 10 noncontributing Roth IRA–owning households indicated an inability to save, two in 10 hadeligibility issues, and about three in 10 were retired and no longer saving. »IRA withdrawals were infrequent and mostly retirement-related.One-third of traditional IRA–owninghouseholds in mid-2025 took withdrawals in tax year 2024, in line with recent prior years. Table of Contents 1IRAs Play an Increasingly Important Role in Saving for Retirement2IRA Ownership Rates Vary With Household Age and Income4IRA Owners Tend to Be Savers5Rollovers to Traditional IRAs Fuel Growth7Rollovers Often Provide Consolidation10Few Households Make Contributions to IRAs11Noncontributing IRA-Owning Households Cite Economic Reasons11Catch‑Up Contributions12IRAs Are Held Through a Variety of Financial Institutions13IRA Withdrawals Are Infrequent, Mostly Retirement Related14Few Roth IRA–Owning Households Take Withdrawals15IRA Withdrawals Are Used for a Variety of Purposes15Most IRA Owners Have a Planned Retirement Strategy17Description of the Surveys18Notes21References Sarah Holden, senior economic adviser, Michael Bogdan, associate economist, and Daniel Schrass, assistant director ofinvestor research and surveys, prepared this report. Suggested citation: Holden, Sarah, Michael Bogdan, and Daniel Schrass. 2026. “The Role of IRAs in US Households’Saving for Retirement, 2025.”ICI Research Perspective32, no. 7 (June). Available athttps://www.ici.org/system/files/2026-06/per32-07.pdf. For more information about the role of IRAs in US households’ saving for retirement, see the appendix to this paper,available atwww.ici.org/files/2026/per32-07-data.xlsx. »The majority of traditional IRA withdrawals were made by retirees.In mid‑2025, 88% of households thatmade traditional IRA withdrawals were retired. Indeed, only 8% of traditional IRA–owning households headedby individuals younger than 59 took withdrawals. In mid-2025, 70% of traditional IRA–owning households withwithdrawals calculated the withdrawal using the RMD rule—this was the most common amount withdrawn. »Most IRA-owning households have a planned retirement strategy.In mid-2025, 72% of traditionalIRA–owning households and 65% of Roth IRA–owning households indicated that they have a strategy formanaging income and assets in retirement. Typically, these strategies have many components, includingreviewing asset allocations, determining their retirement expenses, developing a retirement income plan,setting asi