下加利福尼亚州医疗器械和航空航天行业的产业升级和集群发展（英）2026

Gary GereffiDanny Hamrick Thank you for your interest inthis ECLAC publication Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorialproducts and activities. When you register, you may specify your particularareas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. Click on the link below for our social networks andother channels for accessing our publications: https://bit.ly/m/CEPAL Project Documents Industrial upgrading and cluster developmentin the medical device and aerospace sectorsin Baja California, Mexico Gary GereffiDanny Hamrick This document was prepared by Gary Gereffi and Danny Hamrick, consultants with the International Trade andProductive Development Unit of the subregional headquarters in Mexico of the Economic Commission for LatinAmerica and the Caribbean (ECLAC), under the supervision of Nahuel Oddone, Chief of the same Unit. The authors are grateful for the valuable comments of Saúl de los Santos and Ilse Esparza of the Government of BajaCalifornia, Belton Moore of Duke University, and Nahuel Oddone, Ramón Padilla and Julio Rosado of ECLACsubregional headquarters in Mexico. The United Nations and the countries it represents assume no responsibility for the content of links to external sitesin this publication. Mention of any firm names and commercial products or services does not imply endorsement by the United Nationsor the countries it represents. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authorand do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization or the countries it represents. United Nations publicationLC/TS.2026/11LC/MEX/TS.2026/3Distribution: LCopyright © United Nations, 2026All rights reservedPrinted at United Nations, SantiagoS.2600083[E] This publication should be cited as: Gereffi, G. and Hamrick, D. (2026). Industrial upgrading and cluster development in themedical device and aerospace sectors in Baja California, Mexico.Project Documents(LC/TS.2026/11-LC/MEX/TS.2026/3).Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission forLatin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Documents and Publications Division, publicaciones.cepal@un.org. Member Statesand their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention thesource and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction. Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................... 7Introduction .........................................................................................................................9I.Complementary frameworks for Baja California’s industrial growth:cluster development and GVC analysis......................................................................... 11A.Useful typologies .............................................................................................................. 12II.Precursors of contemporary clusters in Baja California................................................... 15A.The transformation of Tijuana’s television cluster (1990s-2010s)....................................... 15B.Tijuana’s double transition – from TVs and autos to medical devices and aerospace .........18III.The medical devices cluster in Baja California, Mexico ................................................... 21A.Overview........................................................................................................................... 21B.A note on terminology ...................................................................................................... 23C.Baja California’s medical device firms: a dynamic hierarchy of roles ..................................241.Lead OEMs (high-complexity, regulatory heavy) .......................................................242.Propellents/diversifiers (scale, automation, breadth).................................................243.Innovators/connectors (R&D, advanced processes, nearshoring signals) ...................244.Specialized enablers (sterilization, logistics, services)................................................245.Emerging electronics/mechatronics anchor...............................................................25D.Medtronic’s role as a global anchor – a three-country comparison ....................................25E.Other OEM profiles – upgrading pathways for medical devices in Baja California.............. 271.Propellents and diversifiers: Cardinal Health, Becton Dickison, and ICU Medical ....... 272.Innovators and connectors: Össur and Stryker...........................................................283.Specialized enablers: Avantti MediClear and Centerpiece .........................................294.Emerging electronics/mechatronics anchor: Masimo...............