产业转型的需求侧和供给侧措施（英）2026

Demand-andSupply-SideMeasures for theIndustry Key Messages Contents •Deployment of near-zero emissions steel and cementremains limiteddue to multiple barriers, leaving amajorunrealised market opportunity. Near-term deployment is Why are targeted policiesneeded? Options for targetedmeasuresEconomic and fiscalinstruments •Voluntary demand has proved insufficient to secureinvestments beyond a relatively small number of projects,andcurrent government policies are not strong enough Moving forward toimplementation •Demandandsupply-sidemeasurestargetedspecifically at near-zero emissions materialsare neededto catalyse market scale-up. Broadly,incentivescan help •There is no single,“correct” policy approach for theindustry transition. Rather, governments should consider •Robust policy designis key to provide sufficient marketconfidence while balancing cost efficiency, simplicity and POLICY BRIEF Why are targeted policies needed? Industry’s slow transition leaves untapped market opportunity Deployment ofnear-zero emissions materialsis falling short of the pace needed for achieving netzero emissions by mid-century. Announced projects for near-zero emissions steel total only 20% Projects are struggling to get off the ground. Of all the announced projects, just 5% of capacity forsteel has reached a final investment decision, and 10% for cement. Together, these constitute justunder USD 20 billion in confirmed investment globally.These early projects benefited from This leaves a significant unrealised market opportunity for near-zero emissions steel and cement.By 2035 in the NZE Scenario, the combined potential market for these materials could reach nearly Companies face significant barriers to market growth Multiple barriers hinder scale-up of markets for near-zero and low-emissions materials, affectingboth potential producers and buyers. These diverse barriers can be related to regulatory clarity,availability of these materials, and familiarity with theiruse, all of which can increase uncertaintyand risk for companies. Cost is perhaps the largest barrier–near-zero emissions materials carry a price premium of50-150%. Certain first movers are willing to pay this premium, but much of the market perceives it These challenges come against a backdrop of growing concerns around industrial competitiveness,arising in large part from the international nature of industrial markets. In particular, global excessindustrial capacity is depressing market prices, while increasing trade barriers and high energy POLICY BRIEF Near-term deployment is needed For heavy industry, a large portion of the emissions reductions for reaching net zero by 2050 in theNZE Scenario come from technologies that are not yet fully ready for widespread commercial-scaledeployment. At the same time, nearly 45% of steel blast furnaces and 70% of cement facilities Low-emissions production can in some cases serve as a bridge to near-zero emissions production(e.g. direct reduced iron facilities initially operating with natural gas before transitioning to fullhydrogen use). When investing in low-emissions production, considerations should be made at thestart to ensure a future transition to near-zero emissions, to avoid potential for emissions lock-in. Co-ordinated deployment of enabling infrastructure is equally important. Infrastructure – such aslow-emissions hydrogen production and distribution, and CO2transport and storage – currentlylacks the scale needed for the industry transition. Early and co-ordinated planning is essential to Current policies and voluntary private sector demand are not Current policies are not strong enough to create a robust business case for near-zero emissionsproduction. Broader government policies such as carbon pricing are being implemented in someregions and send the right signal to markets for emissions reductions. However, current price levels Voluntary private sector demand for near-zero and low-emissions materials is likewise insufficientto secure investments. Markets for near-zero emissions materials are still in their early stages, withannounced demand accounting for just 2% of the demand for near-zero emissions steel in 2035 in Targeted measures help secure investments Major industry players are ready to invest in near-zero emissions technologies but do not yet havea sufficient business case given current market conditions. Consequently, industry has been callingon governments to implement targeted policies that can establish the long-term market certainty Overcomingearly market barriers requires tailored solutions.Targeted demand-side andsupply-side measures can more effectively address gaps in support. By doing so, these measurescan provide companies with the market security and price certainty to drive lead market creation POLICY BRIEF Options for targeted measures Governments have numerous targeteddemand and supply-side policy optionsthat can beimplemented to support the market scale-up fo