GSMA最新报告发现，更智能的频谱政策可以缓解欧洲的移动投资需求

Supporting consumers and economic growth The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environmentsand societal change. Our vision is to unlock thefull power of connectivity so that people, industryand society thrive. Representing mobile operatorsand organisations across the mobile ecosystemand adjacent industries, the GSMA delivers for itsmembers across three broad pillars: Connectivity forGood, Industry Services and Solutions, and Outreach.This activity includes advancing policy, tacklingtoday’s biggest societal challenges, underpinning thetechnology and interoperability that make mobile work,and providing the world’s largest platform to convenethe mobile ecosystem at the MWC and M360 series ofevents. GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of globalmobile operator data, analysis and forecasts, andpublisher of authoritative industry reports and research.Our data covers every operator group, network andMVNO in every country worldwide — from Afghanistanto Zimbabwe. It is the most accurate and completeset of industry metrics available, comprising tens ofmillions of individual data points, updated daily. GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors, regulators, financial institutions and third-party industry players, to support strategic decision-making and long-term investment planning. The datais used as an industry reference point and is frequentlycited by the media and by the industry itself. Our team of analysts and experts produce regularthought-leading research reports across a range ofindustry topics. We invite you to find out more at gsma.com www.gsmaintelligence.cominfo@gsmaintelligence.com Authors: Jakub Zagdanski,Principal Economist, GSMA Intelligence Pau Castells,Head of Economic Analysis, GSMA Intelligence Contents Executive summary31.Europe is falling behind the 5G leaders112.Spectrum trends223.Spectrum licence renewals374.Assignment and pricing of new spectrum bands505.Policy recommendations58Appendix: methodology61 Executive summary Europe needs policy reforms to restore its digital ambitions Secure and sustainable digital infrastructure is essentialfor thriving modern economies. Mobile connectivityplays an important role in the digital ambitions of everyEuropean nation, enabling citizens and businesses toaccess reliable and affordable connectivity. This is whydigital infrastructure is a core priority of the EuropeanCommission’s Digital Decade. Continued investment is needed for Europe to advanceits mobile infrastructure and support the evolution ofhigh-quality connectivity, including wider deployment of5G standalone (SA). A robust and supportive regulatoryenvironment is required, including on spectrum, todeliver Europe’s digital objectives and ensure it remainscompetitive in the decade ahead. Since the launch of 5G networks in 2019, mobile operatorshave invested almost €200 billion on their networks andhave expanded 5G coverage to 93% of the population,representing significant steps made towards the DigitalDecade targets. However, Europe is not on track to achievethese targets and faces growing pressure to keep pacewith other leading global regions. These include thedeveloped Asia Pacific region, North America, the GulfCooperation Council (GCC) states and Greater China. Figure i Market penetration of 3G, 4G and 5G since launch1 Spectrum costs in Europe contribute to a vicious cycle thatconstrains investment12%13%14%15%15%12%14%16% An important part of delivering the vibrant infrastructurelaid out in the Digital Decade targets is understanding theinvestment environment in Europe. Compared to leadingregions, many European markets have lower returns oninvestment, which impact their ability to invest in networks.The result is that investment per subscriber in Europehas been consistently lower than in other high-incomecountries over the past 15 years, which is a reason whymany European markets are lagging behind in terms ofnetwork quality and the deployment of 5G SA.10%4%6%8%10%12% One of the factors contributing to this is spectrum costs.In the last 10 years, total spectrum costs in Europe, as aproportion of revenue, have tripled to around 8%.2Thereason for this is that the revenue generated from eachMHz unit of spectrum has declined by 54% since 2014, butthe price of spectrum has not declined to the same extent.Even though the majority of spectrum has been assignedvia auctions, the prices paid by mobile operators have oftenbeen driven by non-market factors, such as high reserveprices, annual fees and decisions around auction designthat have limited the amount of spectrum available andtherefore artificially increased spectrum costs.8%8%8%246810€ billion Figure ii Europe has an opportunity to reset its spectrum policy withupcoming renewals To put the €30 billion figure into context, it exceeds theinvestment that is needed to upgrade to 5G SA across allexisting 5G