电价对中重型汽车充电成本和负荷的影响（英）

Beia Spiller, Ruolin Zhang, Elizabeth B. Stein, Eleftheria Kontou,and Alexander Yoshizumi About the Authors Beia Spilleris a fellow and the director for RFF’s Transportation Program. Prior to joiningRFF, she was Lead Senior Economist at Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), where sheworked for almost a decade. She was also a Board member for the Association ofEnvironmental and Resource Economists through 2024. Spiller is an energy economist,with experience working on electricity and transportation issues. During her time at EDF,she participated in many electric utility proceedings in New York and California, with agoal of ushering in a cleaner, more efficient and equitable energy system. Ruolin Zhangis a Transportation Analyst at Kittelson & Associates and a PhD candidatein Transportation Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Shespecializes in sustainable transportation systems planning and operations, with researchfocused on electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure planning, charging management, andpolicy analysis. Her work integrates data-driven modeling, optimization, and spatialanalysis to support equitable and sustainable EV adoption in both urban and regionalcontexts. At Kittelson, Zhang applies her academic expertise to real-world transportationplanning projects, bridging research and practice to advance sustainable mobilitysolutions. Elizabeth B. Steinis the State Policy Director at the Institute for Policy Integrity at NewYork University School of Law. Her work centers on state utility commission advocacyrelating to electric and gas system decarbonization, electrification of end uses,sustainable rate design for the energy transition, and accurate accounting for energytransition-related emissions impacts. Before Policy Integrity, Stein was Lead Counsel,Energy Transition, at Environmental Defense Fund. Eleftheria Kontouis an assistant professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at theUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Her research focuses on sustainable andelectrified transportation systems planning and management. Kontou was a postdoctoralresearch associate at the Transportation and Hydrogen Systems Center of the NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory and the City and Regional Planning Department of theUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Alexander Yoshizumileads the Systems Planning & Analysis program at the Institute forTransportation Research and Education (ITRE) at NC State University, where he overseesthe Triangle Regional Model: the travel demand model serving North Carolina’s Triangleregion. He also serves as Executive Director of the Applied Data Research Institute, anonprofit organization that applies data science and systems modeling to addresscomplex, real-world challenges. His expertise spans transportation, energy, and landchange systems modeling. He has led and contributed to a wide range of modelingefforts, including travel demand forecasting, process-based land change, regional growthallocation, agent-based evacuation travel, and energy systems operations. About RFF Resources for the Future (RFF) is an independent, nonprofit research institution inWashington, DC. Its mission is to improve environmental, energy, and natural resourcedecisions through impartial economic research and policy engagement. RFF is committedto being the most widely trusted source of research insights and policy solutions leadingto a healthy environment and a thriving economy. Working papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes ofinformation and discussion. They have not necessarily undergone formal peer review. Theviews expressed here are those of the individual authors and may differ from those ofother RFF experts, its officers, or its directors. About IPI The Institute for Policy Integrity is a non-partisan think tank housed at the New YorkUniversity School of Law dedicated to improving the quality of governmental decisionmaking. Policy Integrity produces original scholarly research in the fields of economics,law, and regulatory policy. It also advocates for reform before courts, legislatures, andexecutive agencies. Its primary area of focus is environmental and energy policy. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Karen Palmer, Ben Mandel, Sam Wands, Meredith Alexander andCALSTART for their input, feedback and support of this project. All errors are our own. Sharing Our Work Our work is available for sharing and adaptation under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. You can copy andredistribute our material in any medium or format; you must give appropriate credit,provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made, and you may not applyadditional restrictions. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way thatsuggests the licensor endorses you or your use. You may not use the material forcommercial purposes. If you remix, transform, or build upon the materi