被忽视热带疾病的常规卫生信息系统、卫生设施和社区数据：药品和保健品的最后一英里物流信息系统

Last-mile logistics informationsystem for medicines andhealth products Routine health information system and health facility andcommunity data for neglected tropical diseases Last-mile logistics informationsystem for medicines andhealth products Routine health information system and health facility and community data for neglected tropical diseases: last-mile logisticsinformation system for medicines and health products ISBN 978-92-4-011158-5 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-011159-2 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence(CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the workis appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specificorganization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license yourwork under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the followingdisclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHOis not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authenticedition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of theWorld Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation.Routine health information system and health facility and community data for neglected tropicaldiseases: last-mile logistics information system for medicines and health products. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025.Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at https://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see https://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submitrequests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see https://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures orimages, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from thecopyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely withthe user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of itsauthorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximateborder lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommendedby WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietaryproducts are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the publishedmaterial is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretationand use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Design and layout by L’IV Com Sàrl. Contents Acknowledgementsiv Abbreviationsv Glossaryvi 1.1Scope of this guidance11.2Objectives21.3Target audience21.4Approach to development21.5Declarations of interest3 2.LMIS informatics for NTD programmes 2.1Core function42.2Health management versus logistics management information systems42.3Interoperability with other systems52.4Challenges and best practices for harmonizing LMIS with HMIS5 3.First-mile and last-mile logistics for NTD medicines and health products7 3.1 Last-mile logistics73.2Suggested best practices to improve last-mile logistics9 4.Last-mile logistics13 4.1Data elements144.2Indicators15 5.Dashboard analytics for decision-making18 5.1Strategic metrics185.2Tactical metrics185.3Operational metrics18 Acknowledgements The World Health Organization (WHO) is grateful to the following individuals who contributed to thedevelopment of this document. It was prepared in 2024. Main contributors The document was drafted by staff of the WHO Global Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme (WHO/NTD), namely: Claire Cotton, Dmitry Esin, Abdikadir Hassan Haji, Ahn Tuan Le, Pamela Sabina Mbabaziand Af