全球抗菌药物耐药性和使用监测系统（GLASS）报告：2022年抗生素使用数据（英）

Antibiotic use data for 2022 Global Antimicrobial Resistanceand Use Surveillance System(GLASS) report Antibiotic use data for 2022 Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) report. Antibiotic use data for 2022 ISBN 978-92-4-010812-7 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-010813-4 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes,provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestionthat WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. Ifyou adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. Ifyou create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation:“This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the contentor accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediationrules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) report. Antibiotic usedata for 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such astables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse andto obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do notimply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted anddashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsedor recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissionsexcepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liablefor damages arising from its use. Design and layout by 400 Communications Limited. Contents iv ForewordAcknowledgementsAbbreviationsGlossary 1.Introduction11.1Monitoring of antimicrobial use (AMU)11.2What’s new?21.3Key findings and messages2 2.GLASS AMU32.1Methodological framework32.2CTA participation and reporting framework32.3Data analysis4 3.Progress in global participation in GLASS-AMU5 4.Antibiotic use in 202284.1Data characteristics84.2Overall antibiotic use94.3Antibiotic use by WHO AWaRe classification104.4Antibiotic use according to the WHO EML124.5Patterns of use of different antibiotics134.5.1Use by antibiotic subgroup134.5.2Antibiotic use by route of administration14 5.Interpretation, next steps and conclusions195.1Interpretation and implications of findings195.2Conclusion and way forward21 References22Annex 1. New terminology for antimicrobial use24Annex 2. Analysis and indicators used in the report25Annex 3. Considerations for data interpretation28 Foreword Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global healththreat that undermines the safety of routine medicalproceduresand reverses many advances in modernmedicine by rendering antimicrobials ineffective againstinfections. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials is a majordriver of AMR; at the same time, inadequate access toessential, quality-assured medicines remains a problem inmany resource-limited settings. Analysisofthedatademonstratesconsiderablevariation in a