2023-2024年欧盟关于人类、动物和食品中人畜共患细菌和指示细菌的抗菌药物耐药性总结报告

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)|European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control(ECDC) Correspondence:Ask a Question (EFSA);fwd@ecdc.europa.eu (ECDC) Abstract This report presents the main findings of the 2023–2024 harmonised antimicro-bial resistance (AMR) monitoring inSalmonellaspp.,Campylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colifrom humans, food-producing animals (broilers, laying hens,fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and bovines under 1 year of age), and derivedmeat. For animals and meat, AMR was also assessed for indicator commensalEscherichia coli, presumptive extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-/AmpCbeta-lactamase(AmpC)−/carbapenemase(CP)-producing E. coli, Enterococcusfaecalis,Enterococcus faecium and the occurrence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). A high proportion ofSalmonellaandCampylobacterisolates from humans and animals were resistant to commonly used antimicrobi-als (ampicillin, tetracycline and sulfonamides), althoughSalmonellaisolates fromlaying hens exhibited lower resistance. Increasing trends in ciprofloxacin resist-ance, a critically important antimicrobial (CIA) for human medicine, were detectedinSalmonellafrom laying hens in certain Member States (MSs), and in human in-fections for a poultry-associatedSalmonellaserovar and forC. jejuniin more thanhalf of the reporting countries. Combined resistance to CIA remained uncommon,but higher levels were observed for certainSalmonellaserovars andC. colifromhumans and animals in some countries. Resistance differed greatly between coun-tries. In imported fresh meat of broilers and turkeys, very high and moderate lev-els of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins were observed inSalmonellaand indicatorE. coli,respectively.AlthoughCP-producingSalmonellawere not de-tected in animals, six human cases were reported in 2023 and five in 2024, predom-inantly carryingblaOXA-48, but alsoblaOXA-181,blaNDM-1andblaIMP-1.CP-producingE. coliisolates harbouring diverse carbapenemase genes, were detected in broil-ers, turkeys, pigs, calves and pig meat in eight MSs, warranting a thorough follow-up. Trend analyses of Key Outcome Indicators (complete susceptibility (KOICS) andprevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producingE. coli) indicate encouraging progress inreducing AMR in food-producing animals in several MSs over the past decade. Atthe EU level and in certain MSs, some previously declining resistance or increasingsusceptibility trends in indicatorE. colifrom broilers and turkeys, and KOICS, havestabilised and plateaued, highlighting the need for sustained and strengthenedAMR control efforts. K E Y W O R D S antimicrobial resistance,Campylobacter, indicator bacteria, MRSA,Salmonella, zoonotic bacteria CO NTE NTS Abstract................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1Summary.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................51.Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................................................................81.1.Monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial resistance in the EU...............................................................................................81.2.The 2023–2024 EU Summary report on AMR....................................................................................................................................91.2.1.Structure, contents and supplementary materials of the report.............................................................................102.Antimicrobial resistance InSalmonellaSpp................................................................................................................................................122.1.Key findings................................................................................................................................................................................................122.2.Data on AMR inSalmonellaspp. addressed....................................................................................................................................132.3.Humans: Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance inSalmonella..............................................................................................142.3.1.Data reported.............................................................................................................................................................................142.3.2.Occurrence of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials in human and/or veterinary medicine........142.3.3.Occurrenceofresistancetohighestpriority‘criticallyimport