欧盟关于人类、动物及食品中人畜共患与指示细菌抗菌药物耐药性的2022–2023年总结报告

European Food Safety Authority|European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Correspondence:zoonoses@efsa.europa.eu;fwd@ecdc.europa.eu Abstract This report presents the main findings of the 2022–2023 harmonised antimicro-bial resistance (AMR) monitoring inSalmonellaspp.,Campylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colifrom humans and food-producing animals (broilers, layinghens and fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and cattle under 1 year of age) and de-rived meat. For animals and meat, AMR data on indicator commensalEscherichiacoli,presumptive extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL)-/AmpC beta-lactamase (AmpC)−/carbapenemase (CP)-producingE. coliand the occurrence ofmethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) are also analysed. Generally,resistance differed greatly between reporting countries and antimicrobials. Ahigh proportion ofSalmonellaspp. andCampylobacterisolates from humans andanimals were resistant to commonly used antimicrobials (ampicillin, tetracyclineand sulfonamides) in human and veterinary medicine, althoughSalmonellaiso-lates from laying hens exhibited lower resistance. In humans, increasing trends inresistance to ciprofloxacin, one of two critically important antimicrobials (CIA) forhuman treatment, were observed in poultry-associatedSalmonellaserovars andinCampylobacter, in several reporting countries. Combined resistance to CIA washowever observed in a low proportion of isolates except for someSalmonellase-rovars andC. colifrom humans and animals in some countries. In imported freshmeat of broilers and turkeys sampled at border control posts, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was observed respectively at very high and moderatelevels inSalmonellaand indicatorE. coli. While CP-producingSalmonellaisolateswere not detected in animals in 2022–2023, five human cases of CP-producingSalmonellawere reported in 2022 and six cases in 2023 (the majority harbouringblaOXA-48orblaOXA-48-like genes). Detection of CP-producingE. coliisolates (car-ryingblaOXA-48,blaOXA-181,blaOXA-244,blaNDM-5andblaVIM-1genes) in broilers, fat-tening turkeys, fattening pigs, cattle under 1 year of age and meat from pigs byseven member states (MSs) in 2022 and 2023, requires a thorough follow-up. Thetemporal trend analyses in key outcome indicators (complete susceptibility andprevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producingE.coli) showed an encouraging progress inreducing AMR in food-producing animals in several EU MSs over the last 10years. The declarations of interest of all scientificexperts active in EFSA's work are available athttps://open.efsa.europa.eu/experts K E Y W O R D S antimicrobial resistance, ESBL, indicator bacteria, MRSA, zoonotic bacteria CO NTE NTS Abstract................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1Summary.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................51.Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................................................................81.1.Monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial resistance in the EU................................................................................................91.1.1.Humans: Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance..............................................................................................................91.1.2.Animals and food: Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance...........................................................................................91.2.The 2022–2023 EU summary report on AMR..................................................................................................................................102.Antimicrobial resistance inSalmonellaspp..................................................................................................................................................112.1.Key findings..................................................................................................................................................................................................112.2.Data on AMR inSalmonellaspp. addressed....................................................................................................................................122.3.Humans: Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance inSalmonella���������������������������������������������������������������������������142.3.1.Data reported.............................................................................................................................................................................142.3.2.Occurrence of resistance to commonly u