冰岛：2025-2029年抗菌药物耐药性监测和评估国家行动计划

2025–2029 National Action Plan (NAP)on Antimicrobial Resistance Ministry of Health; IcelandSkogarhlid 6 – 105 ReykjavikTel: +354 545 8700 | hrn@hrn.is July 2024 | ISBN: 978-9935-515-48-3 One of the most important tasks of our time is to preserve the effectiveness of antibioticsfor future generations. To achieve this, extensive measures must be taken, and ambitious Foreword Antibiotic resistance is a growing global problem and one of the greatest health threats theworld faces today. There is a real danger that in the near future, simple and serious infec-tions may not be treatable with antibiotics. Such a situation would have extremely serious While it is not possible to eradicate antibiotic resistant bacteria, it is possible to keep theirspread in check through extensive measures. These measures, which affect humans, ani- In January 2024, the working group of the Minister of Health presented recommendationsfor actions against antibiotic resistance in Iceland for the period 2025-2029. These recom-mendations were approved by the government as the official actions against antibiotic re- Only through extensive and coordinated actions can we limit the spread of antibiotic resis-tant bacteria and thus maintain the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations. Guðlaugur Þór ÞórðarsonMinister of Environment, Energy and Climate Table of Contents 1. Action and Implementation Plan2. Cost estimate of the action plan2.1 Summary (ISK) Tables Table 1. Proportion of selected antibiotic resistantbacteria (%) in humans in 2022 and goals for 2029 Table 2. Antibiotic use in humans (DID) in 2022 and goals for 202929Table 3. Proportion of humans fully vaccinated (%)in 2022 and goals for 202929Table 4. Proportion of selected antibiotic resistantbacteria (%) in animals and food in 2022 and goals for 202930Table 5. Antibiotic use in animals (mg/PCU*)in 2022 and goals for 202930 Summary Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest health threats facing the worldtoday, and the threat is increasing each year. Although antibiotic resistanceis not as significant a problem in Iceland as it is in many other countries,antibiotic-resistant bacteria respect no borders, and the problem has in- International organizations have recently highlighted this danger and urgednations worldwide to join forces to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resis-tant bacteria before it is too late. Each nation is encouraged to developaction plans and set goals and benchmarks. Since the causes of antibiotic The Icelandic government's action plan against antibiotic resistance spansa five-year period, from 2025 to 2029. It includes six actions encompassing24 goals and 75 activities that need to be implemented. The activities are The six actions upon which the action plan is based are: Promote targeted and prudent use of antibiotics in humans and animals. Limit the spread of antibiotic resistance through information dissemination, education, and prevention. Improve knowledge of antibiotic resistance through surveillance and scientific research.3 Increase participation in international cooperation on actions against antibiotic resistance.5 Work is already ongoing in various activities specified in the plan. The totalbasic cost of all activities over the five-year period of the plan is estimated to The aim is to implement as many of the plan's activities as possible withinthe specified time frame and to ensure funding. Additionally, their costs will Only through targeted and extensive actions, along with follow-up, will it bepossible to limit the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Abbreviations and Definitions AMEG ClassificationAMRAntimicrobial advise ad hoc Expert Group.Classification by the European MedicinesAgency of antibiotics based on potential publichealth consequences of increased resistancewhen these drugs are used in animals and theneed for these drugs in veterinary medicine.Antimicrobial resistance. ECECDCEFSAEMAEuropean Commission.European Centre for DiseasePrevention and Control.European Food Safety Authority.European Medicines Agency. With the increasing resistance to antibiotics, the treatment of patientswith the aforementioned diseases will be significantly limited, and thecost of their treatment will risedue to the increased number of hospitalisa- The discovery of antibiotics almost a century ago proved to be one of themost remarkable discoveries in the history of medicine. The advent of anti-biotics brought about radical changes in the treatment of severe bacterialinfections in both humans and animals, and it is safe to say that they have The growing spread of antibiotic resistance thus not only causes increasingdifficulties in treating infected individuals but also poses a serious threat to humans and animals and will result in significant financial expenditures4.A recent article inThe Lancet5estimated that nearly 5 million people died Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of pathogens to thrive