2025年全球抗生素耐药性监测报告：摘要

Summary Globalantibiotic resistance surveillancereport 2025 Summary © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes,provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be nosuggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo isnot permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent CreativeCommons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along withthe suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is notresponsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding andauthentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediationrules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation.Global antibiotic resistance surveillance report 2025: WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistanceand Use Surveillance System (GLASS) - Summary. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025.https://doi.org/10.2471/B09585. Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such astables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse andto obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do notimply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dottedand dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsedor recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors andomissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO beliable for damages arising from its use. Abbreviations Summary At a glance 3.Increasing antibiotic resistance trends inGram-negative bacterial pathogens pose agrowing threat. 1.Country participation in the World HealthOrganization’sGlobal AntimicrobialResistance and Use Surveillance Systemhas increased four-fold since 2016,although regional gaps persist.2.Global levels of antibiotic resistance arehigh and unevenly distributed acrossregions. 4.Countries with limited surveillance oftenreport higher levels of antibiotic resistance. 5.Antibiotic resistance disproportionatelyaffects low- and middle-income countriesand countries with weak health systems. infection type–pathogen–antibiotic combinationand whether relevant patient demographic,clinical and epidemiological details wereavailable, which improve interpretation ofnational estimates of resistance. Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is compromisingthe effectiveness of life-saving treatments,posing a serious, growing threat to globalhealth and undermining the foundations ofmodern medicine. In response, World HealthOrganization (WHO) established the GlobalAntimicrobial Resistance and Use SurveillanceSystem (GLASS) to strengthen evidence on AMRthrough standardized data collection, analysis,sharing and reporting. Launched in 2015 tomonitor AMR and extended in 2020 to includeantimicrobial use (AMU), the system receivesdata on AMR from the human health sectoron infections of both hospital and communityorigin. The findings are concerning. Resistance toessential antibiotics – particularly among Gram-negative bacteria – is widespread, increasing andunevenly distributed. The effectivene