2025年全球抗生素耐药性监测报告

WHOGlobalAntimicrobialResistanceandUseSurveillanceSystem(GLASS) Globalantibioticresistancesurveillancereport2025 WHOGlobalAntimicrobialResistanceandUseSurveillanceSystem(GLASS) Globalantibioticresistancesurveillancereport2025:WHOGlobalAntimicrobialResistanceandUseSurveillanceSystem(GLASS) ISBN978-92-4-011633-7(electronicversion)ISBN978-92-4-011634-4(printversion) ©WorldHealthOrganization2025 Somerightsreserved.ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0IGOlicence(CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Underthetermsofthislicence,youmaycopy,redistributeandadapttheworkfornon-commercialpurposes,providedtheworkisappropriatelycited,asindicatedbelow.Inanyuseofthiswork,thereshouldbenosuggestionthatWHOendorsesanyspecificorganization,productsorservices.TheuseoftheWHOlogoisnotpermitted.Ifyouadaptthework,thenyoumustlicenseyourworkunderthesameorequivalentCreativeCommonslicence.Ifyoucreateatranslationofthiswork,youshouldaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththesuggestedcitation:“ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).WHOisnotresponsibleforthecontentoraccuracyofthistranslation.TheoriginalEnglisheditionshallbethebindingandauthenticedition”. AnymediationrelatingtodisputesarisingunderthelicenceshallbeconductedinaccordancewiththemediationrulesoftheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggestedcitation.Globalantibioticresistancesurveillancereport2025:WHOGlobalAntimicrobialResistanceandUseSurveillanceSystem(GLASS).Geneva:WorldHealthOrganization;2025.Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication(CIP)data.CIPdataareavailableathttps://iris.who.int/. Sales,rightsandlicensing.TopurchaseWHOpublications,seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.Tosubmitrequestsforcommercialuseandqueriesonrightsandlicensing,seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-partymaterials.Ifyouwishtoreusematerialfromthisworkthatisattributedtoathirdparty,suchastables,figuresorimages,itisyourresponsibilitytodeterminewhetherpermissionisneededforthatreuseandtoobtainpermissionfromthecopyrightholder.Theriskofclaimsresultingfrominfringementofanythird-party-ownedcomponentintheworkrestssolelywiththeuser. Generaldisclaimers.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofWHOconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Dottedanddashedlinesonmapsrepresentapproximateborderlinesforwhichtheremaynotyetbefullagreement. Thementionofspecificcompaniesorofcertainmanufacturers’productsdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyWHOinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Errorsandomissionsexcepted,thenamesofproprietaryproductsaredistinguishedbyinitialcapitalletters. AllreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbyWHOtoverifytheinformationcontainedinthispublication.However,thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.Theresponsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.InnoeventshallWHObeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse. Contents ForewordAcknowledgementsAbbreviationsGlossarySummary v vi ix x 1.Introduction 2371.1GlobalcommitmentstoaddressingAMR1.2GlobalAMRsurveillance:apillaroftheAMRresponse1.3Methodologicalprinciplesandstructureofthereport 2.Progressinglobal,regionalandnationalAMRsurveillance10 2.1ParticipationinglobalAMRsurveillance,2016–20232.2DomainsforassessingcompletenessofAMRsurveillancedata2.2.1ImplementationofnationalAMRsurveillancesystems2.2.2AMRsurveillancecoverage,2016–2023111213141820202.2.3AvailabilityofAMRdatabytypeofinfection2.2.4Availabilityofepidemiological,demographicandclinicalinformation2.3GapsincompletenessofAMRsurveillancedata 262626293136373.1AMRinbloodstreaminfections3.1.1Epidemiologyofbloodstreaminfections3.1.2Globalandregionaldistributionofbloodstreampathogens3.1.3GlobalestimatesofAMRinbloodstreaminfections3.1.4RegionalandnationalestimatesofAMRinbloodstreaminfections3.1.5Globalandregionaldistributionofdrug-resistantbloodstreampathogens3.1.6Clinicalconsiderations 3838393941413.2AMRingastrointestinalinfections3.2.1Epidemiologyofgastrointestinalinfections3.2.2Globalandregionaldistributionofgastrointestinalpathogens3.2.3GlobalestimatesofAMRingastrointestinalinfections3.2.4RegionalandnationalestimatesofAMRingastrointestinalinfections3.2.5Clinicalconsiderations 3.3AMRinurinarytractinfections434343444446484848484950523.3.1Epidemiologyofurinarytractinfections3.3.2Globalandregionaldistributionofurinarytractpathogens3.3.3GlobalestimatesofAMRinurinarytractinfections3.3.4RegionalandnationalestimatesofAMRinurinarytractinfections3.3.5Clinicalconsiderations3.4AMRinurogenitalgonorrhoealinfections3.4.1Epidemiologyofurogenitalgonorrhoealinfections3.4.2Regionaldistributionofurogenitalgonorrhoealinfections3.4.3GlobalestimatesofAMRinurogenitalgonorrhoealinfections3.4.4Reg