WIPO杂志，2019年第1期（2月）

No. 1 Elaphe: driving the developmentof electric vehicles UPOV: supporting food securitywith plant variety protection p. 12 p. 2 p. 44 Protectingrainforest-derivedtechnologyequitably Table of Contents The IP behind the AI boomElaphe: driving the development of electric vehiclesWorldwide activities on licensing of standard essential patentsEurasian Patent Office set to extend its operationsProtecting rainforest-derived technology equitablyAn expanding role for IP Offices in alternative dispute resolutionUPOV: supporting food security with plant variety protection Editor:Catherine Jewell © WIPO, 2019 Attribution 3.0 IGO(CC BY 3.0 IGO) The user is allowed to reproduce, distrib-ute, adapt, translate and publicly performthis publication, including for commercialpurposes, without explicit permission,provided that the content is accompaniedby an acknowledgement that WIPO is thesource and that it is clearly indicated ifchanges were made to the original content. Adaptation/translation/derivatives shouldnot carry any official emblem or logo,unless they have been approved andvalidated by WIPO. Please contact us viathe WIPO website to obtain permission. When content published by WIPO, suchas images, graphics, trademarks or logos,is attributed to a third party, the user ofsuch content is solely responsible forclearing the rights with the right holder(s). To view a copy of this license, please visithttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo Acknowledgements:2Alejandro Roca Campaña,Irene KitsaraandAliça Daly, Access toInformation and Knowledge Division, WIPO12Victor Vazquez-Lopez, Department of Transition and DevelopedCountries, WIPO20Tomoko Miyamoto, Patent Law Division, WIPO26Michal Svantner,Ilya GribkovandOleksandr Shevchenko,Department of Transition and Developed Countries, WIPO32Wend Wendland, Traditional Knowledge Division, WIPO44Peter ButtonandCaroline Rovere, UPOV Cover images:Left to right: zhuyufang / E+ / GettyImages; Courtesy of Elaphe PropulsionTechnologies; jxfzsy / E+ / Getty ImagesMain image: Yves Picq CC BY-SA 3.0(http://veton.picq.fr) The IP behindthe AI boom ByJames Nurton, Editor,WIPO Technology Trends:Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to transform all aspects of our lives – including our work-places, homes and vehicles. AI tools are already widely familiar in Internet-searching,computers with speech recognition and games such as chess, but the next few yearswill see AI become ever more widespread, in everything from cars to robots to med-icine. This will have significant repercussions for society, as AI performs many tasksthat, until now, have been done by humans. In her keynote address at the ConsumerElectronics Show in Las Vegas in January 2019, IBM CEO Ginni Rometty predictedthat, because of AI, “100 percent of jobs will be different”. But what exactly is AI? What are the technologies and applications that constituteAI? And what do we know about current research in the field, where it is taking place,who is doing it and what fields it covers? A new flagship WIPO report, the first in a series looking at technology trends, providessome answers to these questions, drawing on data from patent applications, scientificpublications and analysis on trends from AI specialists. This first publication in theWIPO Technology Trends series sets out a scheme for categorizing AI technologiesand applications that can be used in further research. It also provides a commoninformation base on AI for policy- and decision-makers in government and business,as well as concerned citizens who are grappling with this new disruptive technology. As noted by WIPO Director General Francis Gurry in a press release announcing thereport’s recent launch in Geneva, “AI’s ramifications for the future of human develop-ment are profound. The first step in maximizing the widespread benefit of AI, whileaddressing ethical, legal and regulatory challenges, is to create a common factual basisfor understanding of artificial intelligence. In unveiling the first in ourWIPO TechnologyTrendsseries, WIPO is pleased to contribute evidence-based projections, therebyinforming global policymaking on the future of AI, its governance and the intellectualproperty (IP) framework that supports it.” THE AI BOOM The report shows a massive surge in AI-based innovation. Since AI emerged in the1960s, innovators and researchers have filed patent applications for nearly 340,000AI-related inventions and published over 1.6 million scientific publications on AI.AI-related patenting has soared in the past few years, with over half of the identifiedinventions published since 2013. The report also identifies a shift from theoretical research to the use of AI technologiesin commercial products and services. The boom in scientific publications startedaround 2001, about 12 years before the surge in patent applications. The decline in theratio of scientific papers to inventions, from 8:1 in 2010 to 3:1 in 2016, is an