家庭能源负担能力：监测的方法框架

Household Energy AffordabilityData and Indicators A methodological framework for nationalmonitoring INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that willenhance the reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,14Association countriesand beyond. IEAAccessioncountries: IEAMembercountries: ChileColombiaCosta RicaBrazilIsraelRomania AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States IEAAssociationcountries: ArgentinaChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoNigeriaSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraineViet Nam This publication, as well asany dataand map includedherein,are without prejudiceto the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Acknowledgements Thisreport was co-ordinated by Agnieszka Kościelniak with guidance fromRobertaQuadrelli(IEA Energy Data Centre).The report is based on keycontributions from Leon Sistek during the design, consultation and drafting phasesand invaluable insights from Mafalda Coelho da Silva (Institute of Science andInnovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Portugal). Jeongyeon Leeand Anna Sagues Molla provided essential assistance. The authors are indebtedto the support and guidance of Nick Johnstone (IEA Chief Statistician) and BrianMotherway (IEA Office of Energy Efficiency and Inclusive Transitions). The report was made possible by the input of several energy data experts fromgovernments of IEA member countries and others. The IEA is extremely gratefulin particular to: •Jasmin Gülden Sterzl and Alexandra Wegscheider-Pichler, Statistik Austria•Aline Guilmot and Babette Jansen, Federal Public Service Economy, Belgium•Ali A. Zarnaghi and Oscar Kvanner Grinsted, Danish Energy Agency, Denmark•Paolo Liberatore, Energy Services Management, Italy•Brian Cahill, Orla McCarthy, Gerard Reilly, Central Statistics Office, Ireland•Ieva Šiaučiulytė and Niolita Stepkovičienė, Statistics Lithuania•Hanaa Chabini, Ministry of Energy Transition and Sustainable Development,Morocco•PeterMulder,Dutch Organisation for Applied Scientific Research,theNetherlands•Maria Botes and colleagues from the Ministry of Business, Innovation andEmployment, New Zealand•Teja Rutar, Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia•Miguel Santos Andrés, Pilar de Arriba Segurado and Jorge Hernández Villarreal,Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge, Spain•Pia Baumann, Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy andCommunications, Switzerland•Jane Chandler, Oliver Haines, Tristan Pettand colleagues, Department forEnergy Security and Net Zero, United Kingdom. Thereport benefited from the comprehensive comments and input of IEAcolleagues, particularly those of Rodrigo Fernandez, Juliette Denis-Senez, JaneCohen and Alexandre Bizeul. The report production was enabled by colleagues from the IEA Communicationsand Digital Office, particularly Astrid Dumond, Liv Gaunt, Poeli Bojorquez andAlexia Amado. The manuscript was edited by Gemma Ruffino. Table of contents Executive summary.................................................................................................................. 3Chapter 1. Reasons for monitoring household energy affordability.................................. 7The motivations and aims of this report ..................................................................................... 7The need for a methodological framework................................................................................. 8How this report was developed ................................................................................................ 11Chapter 2. Dimensions: Understanding household energy affordability ........................ 12Energy-affordability views across IEA countries ...................................................................... 14Dimensions of energy affordability ........................................................................................... 17Chapter 3. Indicators: Choosing suitable measures and methodologies ....................... 21Approaches to indicator design................................................................................................ 22Combining and composing indicators ...................................................................................... 32Disaggregating