重新思考多边主义：私营部门的新角色

Rethinkingmultilateralism.A new role forthe private sector Index Acronyms 4 1. Executive Summary10 2. Context and Introduction17 A complex moment, and opportunity for reform.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Shifting trust: the rise of expectations on business.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Rising expectations: the role of business in multilateralism 2.0.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Recent signals at the multilateral level.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Structure of the report.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 3. Conceptual work and methodology38 Public-private cooperation: from participation to partnerships.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Guiding policy questions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Methodological approach.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 4. The state of multilateral-private cooperation47 Literature review.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Institutional framework analysis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Case studies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Stakeholder interviews.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 5. Key findings and insights 61 Policy and governance-insights.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61Investment and finance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63Public-private partnerships (PPPs).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Global coordination.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 6. Policy recommendations 75 Policy and governance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Investment and finance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Public-private partnerships (PPPs).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Global coordination.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Implications for ICC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 7. Reform agenda88 8. Conclusion: A new architectureto leverage privatesector engagement in multilateralism99 Bibliography105 Acronyms ADBAsian Development BankAFDAgence Française de DéveloppementANAAgência Nacional de ÁguasANIAgencia Nacional de InfraestructuraBIDBanco Interamericano de DesarrolloBEIBanco Europeo de InversionesBSRBusiness for Social ResponsibilityCAFBanco de Desarrollo de América Latina y el CaribeCDBCaribbean Development BankCFIClimate Finance InitiativeCOPConference of the PartiesCoPCommunication on ProgressCPSDsCountry Private Sector DiagnosticsCSOsCivil Society OrganizationsDBFODesign-Build-Finance-OperateDFIDevelopment Finance InstitutionDFIsDevelopment Finance InstitutionsECAExport Credit AgencyEEPEthiopian Electric PowerEIBEuropean Investment BankEMDEsEmerging Market and Developing EconomiesESGEnvironmental, Social and GovernanceEUEuropean UnionFDNFinanciera de Desarrollo NacionalFIsFinancial InstitutionsFXForeign ExchangeGATFGlobal Alliance for Trade FacilitationGDPGross Domestic ProductGEFFGreen Economy Financing FacilityGIFGlobal Infrastructure FacilityGIPGlobal Infrastructure ProgramIAImpact AssessmentIBRDInternational Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentICFInternational Climate FinanceICCInternational Chamber of CommerceICTInformation and Communication Technology SDGSustainable Development GoalSDGsSustainable Development GoalsSDRSpecial Drawing RightsSIDSSmall Island Developing StatesSMESmall and Medium EnterpriseSMEsSmall and Medium EnterprisesTATechnical AssistanceTFATrade Facilitation AgreementTCXThe Currency Exchange FundToRTerms of ReferenceUNUnited NationsUNDPUnited Nations Development ProgramUNEPUnited Nations Environment ProgramUNGCUnited Nations Global CompactUNGPsUnited Nations Guiding Principleson Business and Human RightsWBGWorld Bank GroupWTOWorld Trade Organization Multilateralcooperation has provided the founda-tion for an open and interconnected global economy.Through shar