2024气候与海洋：滨海与海洋旅游业的量化评估及目的地保护策略报告

Climate and Ocean: HEADLINE RESULTS •Coastal and marine tourism contributed$1.5 trillion to global GDP through its direct activities in 2023and $3.3 trillionwhen including its supply chain (3.2% of the world economy). This activitydirectly supported 52 million jobsand 100million total jobs when including the supply chain. Itsdirect tax footprint totalled $820billion and $1.3 trillion in total •It also created a significant environmental footprint, with its directly attributable (Scope 1) greenhouse gas emissionsequalling 0.8% of world emissions, and its total footprint equalling3.0% of global emissionsin 2023. •Coastal destinations face significant threats from climate change.Dangers such as rising sea levels and extremeweather are already affecting coastal communities. •Investments to mitigate climate impacts and adapt to its consequences will cost between$30 billion to $65 billionper yearfor the sector’s Scope 1 footprint, with the lower end of this range representing the minimum for mitigationefforts alone. Mitigation of its total footprint (including scope 2, scope 3, and international transport footprints) will •To reduce its emissions the Travel & Tourism sector will need to focus ondecarbonising transportation emissions,boostinglow-carbon electricity generation, andreducing emissions in its supply chain. Much of this will not be in thedirect control of the Travel & Tourism sector, meaningit relies on joined-up action from government, international •Adaptation to climate change will involveprotecting destinations from climate hazardsusing a range of solutionsincludingresilient infrastructure, coastal defences, early warning systems and nature-based solutions,with these alsorequiring coordination with other stakeholders including businesses and governments. When managed well, this can Tourists flock to the world’s coastal tourism destinations in search of pristine beaches, underwater worlds, water-based activities, and for the opportunity to see marine life. An estimated 50% of tourist spending takes place in coastal destinations, totalling $3 trillion in 20231. This generates large economic and social footprints, with coastal and marine tourism critical to the economies of manycountries. It also results in environmental impacts and contributes to climate change. However, Travel & Tourism is also This document presents the key preliminary findings from an upcoming report on the value of coastal and marine tourism,the challenges that climate change poses to it, and the investments needed to both mitigate its associated emissions and Coastal And Marine Tourism GeneratesLarge Amounts Of Economic Value Leveraging the World Travel & Tourism Council’s existing analysis of the economic and environmental footprint of globalTravel & Tourism2, the coastal and marine tourism sector is estimated to have generated the following economic footprintin 2023: •A direct gross value-added contribution to GDP worth $1.5 trillion, which is 1.4% of global GDP. This rises to $3.3 trillion,which is 3.2% of global GDP, when supply chain impacts are included3. •Direct employment of 52 million people, or 100 million including supply chains.•$820 billion in direct tax revenues, rising to $1.3 trillion including its supply chain. This footprint is generated by coastal destinations in countries all around the world. It is comprised of locations with avariety of characteristics, including different levels of economic development, contrasting climates, and a diverse range ofnatural attractions. Many destinations are rural, but there are also urban areas including major cities. Furthermore, coastal The countries most dependent on coastal and marine tourism tend to be small island developing states. For destinationssuch as Grenada, the Seychelles, the Maldives, and Aruba, the direct economic footprint of the Travel & Tourism sectorrepresents a quarter or more of domestic GDP. This increases to more than half of the economy with its supply chainincluded. Within these destinations, coastal and marine tourism is essential to creating jobs for the local population, Coastal And Marine Tourism Has ALarge Environmental Footprint The large amount of economic activity that Travel & Tourism sustains in coastal destinations creates demand for energyand resources. Producing energy and products to meet this demand generates significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, The direct activities supported by visitor spending within coastal and marine tourism destinations globally (the sector’sScope 1 impact, excluding international transport), generated an estimated 390 million tonnes of CO2equivalent (CO2e) GHG emissions in 2023. This represents a quarter of the coastal and marine tourism sector’s total GHG emissions, or 0.8%of global GHG emissions. The main source of these Scope 1 emissions is domestic transportation, generating 65% of all the Scope 1 emissions, andconsisting of within-country land transport, aviation, water transpo