变革之气：印度恒河平原和喜马拉雅山麓清洁空气的解决方案

Solutions for Cleaner Airin the Indo-Gangetic Plainsand Himalayan Foothills © 2025 The World Bank Group1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the InternationalDevelopment Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment GuaranteeAgency (MIGA), collectively known as The World Bank, with external contributors. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the content included in this work, orthe conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors(including, without limitation, typographical errors, and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliancethereon. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes, and other information shown in this work do not implyany judgment on the part of any of the organizations of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory orthe endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean The WorldBank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of IBRD/IDA, IFC and MIGA, their respectiveBoards of Executive Directors, and the governments they represent. The contents of this work are intended for general informational purposes only and are not intended to constitute legal,securities, or investment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, or a solicitation of anytype. Some of the organizations of The World Bank or their affiliates may have an investment in, provide other advice orservices to, or otherwise have a financial interest in, certain of the companies and parties named herein. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of any of IBRD/IDA, IFC and MIGA, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank Group encourages dissemination of itsknowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attributionto this work is given and all further permissions that may be required for such use (as noted herein) are acquired.The World Bank Group does not warrant that the content contained in this work will not infringe on the rights of thirdparties, and accepts no responsibility or liability in this regard. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed toWorld Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. A Breath ofChange Solutions for Cleaner Airin the Indo-Gangetic Plainsand Himalayan Foothills Edited by Martin Philipp Heger, Marion Cros, and Ashley Pople Contributors Christer Aagren(AQM expert, NGO observer to the Convention for the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, CLRTAP)Stefan Aastroem(AQM expert, acting co-chair, Forum for International Cooperation on Air Pollution (FICAP), CLRTAP)Saher Asad(Education Economist, World Bank)Silvia Calderon(Environmental Governance Consultant)Sharlene Chichgar(Senior Environmental Specialist, World Bank)Andrew Goodland(Lead Agriculture Specialist)Michelle Hallak(Senior Energy Specialist, World Bank)Yasmeen Hopkins(Transport Specialist, World Bank)Vahid Hosseini(Professor Simon Fraser University, Expert in Sustainable Urban Transport)Ivan Jaques(Senior Energy Specialist, World Bank)Gary Kleiman(Atmospheric Scientist)Hagen Kruse(Economist, World Bank)Yeshika Malik(Climate Change Specialist, World Bank)Thierry MichelRene Martin(Senior Urban Specialist, World Bank)Monica Yanez-Pagans(Senior Education Economist, World Bank)Neha Sharma(Environment Consultant, World Bank)Yun Shu(Senior Scientist, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, CRAES)Megha Sood(Transport Consultant)Iffat Mahmud(Senior Operations Officer, World Bank)Wameq AzfarRaza(Senior Health Specialist, World Bank)Mamata Ghimire(Health Economist, World Bank)Anna Koziel(Senior Health Specialist, World Bank)Muneer MammiKutty(Health Specialist, World Bank)Rajesh Sahu(Researcher, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur)Prateek Saini(Assistant Professor, Delhi Technological University)Jahanzaib Sohail(Senior Economist, Health, World Bank)MukeshSharma(Professor-Emeritus, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur)Saumya Srivastava(Agriculture Specialist, World Bank)Ishaa Srivastava(Environmental Specialist, World Bank)Sayantan Sarkar(Environment Specialist, World Bank)Shyam Srinivasan(Transport Specialist, World Bank)Jostein Nygard(Senior Environmental Specialist, World Bank)Pallavi Pant(Head of Global Initiatives, Health Effects Institute)N