为更清洁的天空而耕种：农业如何为清洁空气解决方案做出贡献（英）2026

How Agriculture Contributes toClean Air Solutions Disclaimer The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect theviews of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data includedin this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in theinformation or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes,or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown onany map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legalstatus of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The contents of thiswork are intended for general informational purposes only and are not intended to constitute legal,securities, or investment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, or asolicitation of any type. Some of the organizations of The World Bank Group or their affiliates mayhave an investment in, provide other advice or services to, or otherwise have a financial interest in,certain of the companies and parties named herein. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construedor considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of any of theorganizations of The World Bank Group, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and permissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank Group encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercialpurposes as long as full attribution to this work is given and all further permissions that may berequired for such use (as noted herein) are acquired. The World Bank Group does not warrant thatthe content contained in this work will not infringe on the rights of third parties and accepts noresponsibility or liability in this regard. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed toWorld Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA;e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Acknowledgements This deep dive explores the ways agriculture contributes to, and is affected by, air pollution acrossthe world before going on to suggest viable, proven approaches to policy and practice to break thisnegative cycle—so that the agriculture sector can contribute meaningfully to a livable planet withclean air. This report contributes towards the World Bank’s “Accelerating Access to Clean Air for a LivablePlanet” report, which identifies the main sources of current air pollution and uses scenario modelingto demonstrate how integrated climate change and air quality management policies could yieldsignificant reductions in future air pollution. This agriculture deep dive was prepared by a World Bank team consisting of Aimee Mpambara,Akash Mehta, Anjali Acharya and Fatma Rekik and overseen by Marianne Grosclaude. It was edited by Jennifer Stastny and designed by Mariaan van Zyl. Contents Main messages11. Overview22. Crop Residue Burning43. Fertilizers and Pesticides104. Livestock Operations and Manure Management175. Soil Health, Deforestation and Farm Machinery206. A Way Forward24 List of Figures Figure 1: Crop residue biomass burned in the top seven countries5Figure 2: Global crop biomass burned by crop type in 20216Figure 3: Artificial fertilizer use, by nutrient and region (kilograms per hectare of cropland)11Figure 4: Nitrogen fertilizer use per region12Figure 5: Pesticide use per cropland area, by region (kilograms per hectare)16 List of abbreviations Main Messages 1.Air pollution and agriculture have a complex relationship in which agricultural activities bothcontribute to, and are impacted by, air pollution.Agricultural practices such as crop residuesburning, pesticide application, fertilizer use, and livestock management release pollutants intothe atmosphere, while air pollution can adversely affect crop yields, soil health, and overallagricultural productivity. 2.Particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller, known as PM2.5, is asignificant air pollutant with adverse effects on human health and the environment.PM2.5thatoriginates in agricultural areas can travel far distances to affect more populous urban areas. 3.Agriculture contributes to air pollution through the burning of crop residue, a common practicein many agricultural regions, which releases significant amounts of PM2.5 into the atmosphere.Farmers often burn crop residues to clear fields quickly for the next planting season, but thispractice contributes to air pollution and poses health risks. 4.The over-application of fertilizers and pesticides can generate PM2.5 through volatilization(changing from a solid to a gas) and chemical reactions.Spray drift during pesticide applicationand the spr