2025年世界粮食和农业领域土地及水资源状况报告：增产提质潜力

This flagship publication is part ofThe State of the Worldseries of the Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations. Required citation: FAO. 2025.The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025–The potential to producemore and better. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd7488en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or developmentstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specificcompanies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsedor recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISBN 978-92-5-140285-6© FAO, 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- 4.0 International licence (CCBY 4.0:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.en). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted, provided that the work is appropriately cited.In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The useof the FAO logo is not permitted. If a translation or adaptation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer alongwith the required citation: “This translation [or adaptation] was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation [or adaptation]. The original English editionshall be the authoritative edition.” Any dispute arising under this licence that cannot be settled amicably shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with theArbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). The parties shall be bound by anyarbitration award rendered as a result of such arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute. Third-party materials.This Creative Commons licence CC BY 4.0 does not apply to non-FAO copyright materials included in thispublication. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, areresponsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder.The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. FAO photographs.FAO photographs that may appear in this work are not subject to the above-mentioned Creative Commonslicence. Queries for the use of any FAO photographs should be submitted to: photo-library@fao.org. Sales, rights and licensing.FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and printcopies can be purchased through the distributors listed there. For general enquiries about FAO publications please contact:publications@fao.org. Queries regarding rights and licensing of publications should be submitted to: copyright@fao.org. THE WORLD’SLAND AND WATERRESOURCESFOR FOOD ANDAGRICULTURETHE STATE OF2025 THE POTENTIAL TO PRODUCEMORE AND BETTER Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRome, 2025 CONTENTS CHAPTER 3PRODUCING MORE AND BETTER:THE POTENTIAL Suitability analysis27Land potential for cultivation: unevengeographical distribution28Yield gap and opportunities to increaseproduction on existing rainfed land34The role of water in future agriculturalintensification37Assessing the impacts of climate changeon land and water requirements41 FOREWORDviMETHODOLOGYviiACKNOWLEDGEMENTSviiiABBREVIATIONSixGLOSSARYxiCORE MESSAGESxivEXECUTIVE SUMMARYxvi CHAPTER 1CHALLENGES FOR LAND AND WATER RESOURCES1 CHAPTER 4SUSTAINABLE LAND AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS Human-induced land degradationand deforestation3Competition for land5Water scarcity and water shortages6Groundwater depletion7Pollution and salinization7Sand and dust storms7Biodiversity loss7Climate change – an existential threat toagrifood systems7 Technical options for rainfed agriculture52Technical options for irrigated agriculture54Technical options for crop productionin urban and peri-urban contexts58Technical options for pastureland andfeedproductionTechnical options for forests and therestoration of degraded land62Technical options for inland fisheriesand aquaculture67Towards integrated solutions70 CHAPTER 2STATUS AND TRENDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAND AND WATER RESOURCES11 CHAPTER 5AN ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR The extent of cropland in the world12Evolution of agricultural land use12Past perf