加快泰国电动交通转型：20252035年政策评估和行动计划（英）

POLICY ASSESSMENT AND ACTION PLAN2025–2035 DECEMBER 2025 ACCELERATING THAILAND'SE-MOBILITY TRANSITION POLICY ASSESSMENT AND ACTION PLAN2025–2035 DECEMBER 2025 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2025 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2025. ISBN 978-92-9277-629-9 (print); 978-92-9277-630-5 (PDF); 978-92-9277-631-2 (ebook)Publication Stock No. TCS250562-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS250562-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to usethe ADB logo. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. Notes:In this publication, "CNY" refers to the Chinese yuan, "€" refers to euros, "INR" refers to Indian rupees, "W" refers toKorean won, "B" refers to Thai baht, and "$" refers to United States dollars, unless otherwise stated. ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China, “Korea” and “South Korea” as the Republic of Korea, and“Vietnam” as Viet Nam. Cover design by Rocilyn Locsin Laccay. Winding road photo from stock.adobe.com. Charging station photo by ADB. CONTENTS Tables and FiguresivForeword—Kanzo Nakai and Anouj MehtavForeword—Jiraroth SukolratviAbout This Report, the Authors, and MethodologyviiAbbreviationsviiiExecutive SummaryixI.Overview of E-Mobility in Thailand1Electric Vehicles, Charging Infrastructure, and Production Capacities1Electric Vehicle Policy10Recent Developments and Areas for Improvement12II.Requirements for Scaling Up Infrastructure19Projections for Supply Equipment and Power Demands19Clean Energy and Battery Swapping22SWOT Analysis24III.Action Plan2550 Proposed Measures28Public Transport Electrification33Freight Sector Electrification34National Electric Vehicle Charging Deployment34Domestic Electric Vehicle Manufacturing35National Electric Vehicle Skilling and Capacity Building35Financing and the Way Forward37 Appendixes 1Policy Measures Under EV 3.0 and 3.5402Global and Regional Case Studies443Monitoring and Evaluation Framework61 TABLES AND FIGURES TABLES 1ZEV Domestic Sales and Production Targets for 2025, 2030, and 203552Charging Infrastructure Providers and Charger Types in Thailand (as of August 2024)83Charging Infrastructure Available Capacities in Thailand84Key Highlights of EV 3.0 and 3.5 Policy Measures115Identified Gaps in Existing EV Policy Measures: Improvement Areas136Summary of Key Strategies and Measures from Global and Regional Case Studies167Projected EVSE Demand from 2025 to 2035208Aggregated Charging Station Power Capacity for As-Is Scenario219Aggregated Charging Station Power Capacity for Global Average Scenario2110Aggregated Charging Station Power Capacity for Optimistic Scenario2211Evolution of Thailand’s E-Mobility Policy Framework: From EV 3.0 and 3.5 to the Proposed26Thailand E-Mobility Mission 2025–203512Proposed Policy Measures29 FIGURES 1Accumulated Vehicle Registrations in Thailand22Share of Registered Vehicles by Segment (as of November 2024)33Public Buses per 1,000 Population in ASEAN Countries, 202334Projected Vehicle Growth in Thailand35Share of EVs Registered in Thailand (as of August 2024)36Growth of EV Registrations, 2020–202447Distribution of Domestic Sales as per Government Targets, by Segment58Proj