探索卢旺达电动交通的赋能能源框架（英）2025

Technical ReportJune 2025 © 2025 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do notnecessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does notassume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of orfailure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerningthe legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored byothers does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, thiswork may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2025. Exploring Enabling Energy Frameworks for Electric Mobilityin Rwanda. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The WorldBank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover photo:© Seth Landau / Economic Consulting AssociatesImages:© World Bank, pp. II,XIV,XXI,XXII,3,4,6,29,79,80,107,108,125,127,128,133,134,185. © Freepick.com, pp. 80,108,125.Further permission required for reuse.Cover design:Future by Design Ltd. Exploring EnablingEnergy Frameworks forElectric Mobility in Rwanda Technical ReportJune 2025 Contents Abbreviations and acronyms......................................................................XAcknowledgements...................................................................................XIIIKey messages..............................................................................................XVKey recommendations............................................................................XVIIIIntroduction...............................................................................................XXIIDemand side analysis..................................................................................42.1 Electric vehicle adoption outlook.......................................................52.2 Charging demand analysis................................................................242.3 Power systems impact analysis........................................................392.4 Utility impact and opportunity analysis...........................................48Supply side analysis....................................................................................803.1 Charging infrastructure deployment analysis.................................813.2 Vehicle-grid-integration analysis......................................................923.3 Electricity supply..................................................................................973.4 Battery value chain analysis...............................................................97Considerations for battery electric buses............................................1084.1 Charging infrastructure..................................................................1094.2 Nyabugogo multi-modal transit hub case study..........................118Summary of key challenges and recommendations..........................12812345 Annexes......................................................................................................135 A.1 Bus operator questionnaires.........................................................135A.2 Broader information on climate finance......................................139A.3 GIS to PowerFactory matching.......................................................142A.4 Distribution system Excel tool........................................................145A.5 Implemented smart charging strategy..........................................146A.6 Information on the proposed Nyabugogo Terminal...................147A.7 Battery Electric Buses funding and opportunities.......................163A.8 Identified E-Mobility standards.......................................................167A.9 Data-driven strategy recommendations........................................171A.10