绿色转型的就业与技能政策 国际良好实践述评

Review of International Good Practices Employment and SkillsPolicies for the GreenTransition REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL GOOD PRACTICES This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can inno way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Photo credits:Cover © Rawpixels stock/Shutterstock.com. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword This report was prepared by teams in the Skills andFuture Readiness and Jobs and Income divisions ofthe OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, and the OECD Centre for Skills. This report has been prepared in the context of a project undertaken for the General Directorate forEmployment and Professional Training (DGEFP) of the FrenchMinistry of LabourandSolidarity. Theprojectwas funded by the European Union via the Technical Support Instrument,and implemented by theOECD, in co-operation with the European Commission. Table ofcontents Foreword3Abbreviations and acronyms6Executive summary71 Setting the scene92 Developing employment and skills strategies for the green transition14The Just Transition: Education and training action plan in Austria14The Sustainable Jobs Plan inCanada17The Green Skills Roadmap in Flanders (Belgium)19The Green Skills 2030 Strategy in Ireland23The Action Plan for Green and Digital Jobs in the Netherlands27The Just Transition Strategy in Spain30Main features of employment and skills strategies forthe green transition333 Greening employment and skills policies38Adapting apprenticeshipsto support the development of skills needed for the green transition38Encouraging workers and jobseekers to undertake training for the green transition46Supporting firms to adapt to structural changes brought about by the green transition48Addressing local employment and skills needs524 Lessons learned56References58Annex A. Indicators for an M&E framework in Flanders63Notes65 FIGURES Figure2.1. The JustTransition: Education and Training Action Plan is structured around four themes16Figure2.2. Timeline of the Canadian approach18 TABLES Table1.1. Summary of main examples developed in the report11Table2.1. Development and content of the strategies33Table2.2. Governance arrangements for the strategies35Table2.3. Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the strategies36Table3.1. Examples of short-time schemes used for extremeweather events or seasonal reasons relating toclimate change50Table3.2. Transition pathways of former coal workers to thesolar and wind energy sector55 TableAA.1. Proposed indicators to build a monitoring framework for the Green Skills Roadmap in Flanders63 Abbreviations and acronyms Executive summary OECD countrieshave set ambitious climate targetsto achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by2050.Achieving these targets will have a significant impact on the labour market, with importantrestructuringin emission-intensive industriesandnewjobsbeing createdin low-emission sectors.Whilethese changes will open up new opportunities, theywillalsoposeseveralchallenges. Notably,job creationand job losses tend to be concentrated in dif