亚洲残疾包容性就业政策的提升：挑战、良好实践与政策建议

Challenges, Good Practices, andPolicy Recommendations TheAsianProductivityOrganization(APO)isanintergovernmentalorganization thatpromotes productivity as a key enablerfor socioeconomic development andorganizational and enterprise growth.It promotes productivity improvementtools, techniques, and methodologies;supportsthe National ProductivityOrganizations of its members; conductsresearch on productivity trends; anddisseminates productivity information,analyses,anddata.TheAPOwasestablishedin 1961 and comprises 21 members. APO Members Bangladesh, Cambodia, ROC, Fiji, HongKong, India, Indonesia, Islamic Republicof Iran, Japan, ROK, Lao PDR, Malaysia,Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines,Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkiye,and Vietnam. ENHANCINGDISABILITY-INCLUSIVEEMPLOYMENT POLICIESIN ASIA: CHALLENGES, GOOD PRACTICES, ANDPOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS Enhancing Disability – Inclusive Employment Policies in Asia: Challenges,Good Practices, and Policy Recommendations Prof. Hisayo Katsui served as the chief expert and volume editor. First edition published in Japanby the Asian Productivity Organization1-24-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033, Japanwww.apo-tokyo.org © 2025 Asian Productivity Organization The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views ofthe Asian Productivity Organization (APO) or any APO member. All rights reserved. None of the contents of this publication may be used, reproduced,stored, or transferred in any form or by any means for commercial purposes withoutprior written permission from the APO. Designed by Crimson Interactive Japan Co., Ltd. CONTENTS FOREWORDVII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IX METHODOLOGY5 A CASE STUDY OF BANGLADESH Executive Summary9Contextual Background9Policy Analysis12Employment Status of Persons with Disabilities in Bangladesh12Legal and Policy Framework Related to Accessibility15Analysis of National Action and Initial State Report to the UNCRPD Committee16Situational Analysis17Participation of Representative Organizations of Persons with Disabilities in PolicyFormulation and Decision-making17Awareness-raising17Accessibility18Work and Employment18Policy Implications and Recommendations20Concluding Remarks21References24 A CASE STUDY OF CAMBODIA27 Executive Summary27Contextual Background28Policy Analysis30Related Laws, Regulations, and Policies30Situation Analysis32Employment Situation32What Determines Employment for Persons with Disabilities?33Policy Implications and Recommendations36Concluding Remarks37References39 A CASE STUDY OF LAO PDR 41 Executive SummaryContextual BackgroundIntroductionDefinition of DisabilityGeneral Statistics of DisabilitySocial Structural Enablers and Barriers 414141424243 Situational Analysis (Analysis in Practice)48Analysis of Alternative Reports from Civil Society Actors to the CRPD Committee48 Analysis of Reports Produced by Disability Organizations and Researchers49Integration of Interview Insights49Policy Implications and Recommendations50Policy Implications50Recommendations51Conclusion53References54 A CASE STUDY OF MONGOLIA57 Executive Summary57Introduction58Global Framework for Disability Rights58Mongolia’s Legislative Response58Purpose and Scope of the Study58Data Sources and Research Methodology58Demographics and Disability Prevalence in Mongolia59Challenges in Social Inclusion and Employment for Persons with Disabilities60Policy Context and Areas for Improvement61Policy Analysis Around Employment61Legal and Policy Framework61Positive Developments and Institutional Support62Challenges in Implementation and Enforcement62Employment Support Programs63Creating a Barrier-Free Environment63Social Welfare and Tax Benefits63Conclusion and Policy Implications64Situational Analysis of Employment64Access to Employment64Public Employment Services and Support Programs65Social Welfare Benefits and Limitations66Barriers and Discrimination in Employment67Employer Perceptions and Compliance Issues69Community-Based Rehabilitation and Social Support70Opportunities for Improvement70Policy Implications and Recommendations on Employment70Key Policy Implications71Legal Framework and Implementation Gaps71Implementation of the Human Development Policy (2024–28)71References76 A CASE STUDY OF THE PHILIPPINES Executive Summary79Key Findings79Contextual Background80Classification of Disabilities80Available General Statistics on Disability81The Philippine Registry of Persons with Disabilities82Social Structural Enablers and Barriers82Physical Accessibility83Digital Accessibility83Information Accessibility83Attitudinal Accessibility84Policy Analysis: Disability Employment Context in the Philippines84Institutional Enablers84Institutional Barriers to Inclusive Employment in the Philippines85 National Plan of Action for Implementing the Convention on the Rights ofPersons with Disabilities (CRPD)85Philippine State Report on the Implementation of the CRPD86Situational Analysis87Overview of Alternative Reports by Civil So