利用数字技术促进中小微企业融入区域价值链和供应链

Leveraging digital technologies forMSMEs’ integration into regionalvalue and supply chains The cases of Ethiopia, Malawi,United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda All rights reserved worldwide Requests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the CopyrightClearance Center at copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications405 East 42nd StreetNew York, New York 10017United States of America Email:publications@un.orgWebsite:https://shop.un.org/ The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation ofits frontiers or boundaries. Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD/ALDC/2025/2 ISBN: 978-92-1-159561-1eISBN: 978-92-1-154577-7Sales No. E.25.II.D.40 Leveraging digital technologies for MSMEs’ integration into regional value and supply chainsThe cases of Ethiopia, Malawi, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda Acknowledgements This report was prepared by Habiba Ben Barka (team leader), Christine Awiti, Benjamin MattondoBanda, Jiyuan Chen, Cherry Kang and Anja Slany, under the overall supervision of Junior Davisof the Division for Africa, Least Developed Countries and Special Programmes of UNCTAD. UNCTAD extends its warm appreciation to the United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF)for its collaboration, in particular Richard Ndahiro, and the financial as well as administrativesupport in the organization of consultation meetings. UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges theinsights and cooperation received during the field missions from government counterparts,private sector representatives and development partners. UNCTAD also gratefully acknowledges the contributions to the report by Grace Gondwe,Sven Jaggi, Ben-Vieira Kouassi, Georgia Koutsoura and Lin Shi. Overall layout, graphics and desktop publishing were undertaken by the Division of ConferenceManagement of the United Nations Office at Geneva. Elena Stroganova (UNCTAD) and Ivana Damjanov, Seifu Teshome, Aster Zewdie, Helen Gebregiorgisand Mussie Yohannes (UNCDF) provided administrative support. List of acronyms AfCFTAAfrican Continental Free Trade AreaAIArtificial IntelligenceAMFAlphaMundi FoundationBDSBusiness Development ServicesCBECommercial Bank of EthiopiaCOMESACommon Market for Eastern and Southern AfricaEDAREconomic Development in Africa ReportEACEast African CommunityDFIsDevelopment Finance InstitutionsFSDTFinancial Sector Deepening TrustGBgigabyteGDPGross domestic productIoTInternet of ThingsKYCKnow-Your-CustomerMSEsMicro and Small EnterprisesMSMEsMicro, small, and medium-sized enterprisesNASMENational Association of Small and Medium EnterprisesPEPrivate equitySADCSouthern African Development CommunitySCFSupply chain financeSEAFSmall Enterprise Assistance FundsSEFASustainable Energy Fund for AfricaSDCSwiss Agency for Development and CooperationSDGsSustainable Development GoalsSMEsSmall and Medium EnterprisesSOEsState-owned enterprisesTMXTanzania’s Mercantile ExchangeUDCUganda Development CorporationVCVenture capitalWBESWorld Bank Enterprise Survey Table of contents List of acronyms..................................................................................ivExecutive Summary............................................................................vii 1.Introduction......................................................................................1 2.The MSME Ecosystem across Africa............................................7 2.1Key Characteristics of MSMEs in Africa...............................................................112.2In focus: MSMEs in Tanzania...............................................................................132.3Market niche opportunities for MSMEs: What to expect under the AfCFTA........172.4In focus: Market niche opportunities for MSMEs in Malawi.................................23 3.Enabling MSME Integration into Regional Value Chains:Digital Transformation and Innovative Financing Solutions......33 3.1MSME Financing Landscape and Structural Barriers..........................................363.2Unlocking growth: MSMEs financing alternatives................................................383.2.1Supply Chain Finance..............................................................................................383.2.2Capital raising instruments.......................................................................................403.3In focus: Addressing financing barriers for MSMEs in Ethiopia...........................443.4Digital Technologies as Catal