2023年欧洲外部流感病毒质量评估计划

INTERAGENCYASSESSMENT European External Quality AssessmentProgramme, Influenza Virus 2023 This report was jointly commissioned by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (framework contractECDC/2022/001, project AURORAE) coordinated by Angeliki Melidou and Eeva Broberg (ECDC) and the World Health Organization(WHO) Regional Office for Europe (Agreement for Performance of Work; Reference 2023/1352979-0) for the countries in theWHO European Region outside EU/EEA), coordinated by Karen Nahapetyan (WHO). It was produced by Dr. Adam Meijer, NationalInstitute for Public Health (RIVM), the Netherlands on behalf of participants in the European Reference Laboratory Network forHuman Influenza (ERLI-Net) in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), Western Balkans and Türkiye and in thenetwork of National Influenza Centres (NICs) from countries outside EU/EEA in the WHO European Region. Acknow ledgements Contributing authors: Kamelia Stanoeva, Wanda Han and Adam Meijer (RIVM) performed the analysis and prepared the report.Ingmar Visser analysed the additional questionnaire on virus isolation methods. Panel preparation: Gabriel Goderski, Sharon van den Brink, Lisa Wijsman, Mariam Bagheri, John Sluimer and Chantal Herrebrugh(RIVM) contributed to the design and planning of the exercise and the production of the panel at the Respiratory and EntericViruses Department, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, RIVM, Bilthoven, TheNetherlands. Prof. Dr. Ron Fouchier, Mark Pronk and Pascal Lexmond (Erasmus Medical Centre, Department Viroscience,Rotterdam, The Netherlands) contributed to the design of the panel with antigen characterisation data. We are grateful to theWorldwide Influenza Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre) at the Francis Crick Institute, London, UK, for additional antigeniccharacterisation data. The panel, with specimens labelled in random order, was pre-tested at Erasmus Medical Centre, Department Viroscience,Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoire, Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut desAgents Infectieux, Lyon, France, and Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Panel distribution and data services were provided by Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD), Glasgow, UK, withspecial thanks to Elaine McCulloch, Alan Flish and Mateusz Zoldak. Contributing experts, ECDC: Angeliki Melidou, Eeva Broberg.Contributing experts, WHO: Karen Nahapetyan, Iris Hasibra, AlinaGuseinova. ECDC exclusively provided the content, conclusions and recommendations for EU and EEA countries, Western Balkan countries(Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia) and Türkiye. WHO exclusively provided the content,conclusions and recommendations for Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation,Switzerland, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom (UK). In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO or ECDC endorse any specific organisation, product or services.The use of the ECDC or WHO logo is not permitted. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the followingdisclaimer along with the suggested citation: ‘This translation was not created by the European Centre for Disease Prevention andControl (ECDC) or by the World Health Organization (WHO). ECDC and WHO are not responsible for the content or accuracy ofthis translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition’. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data are available at:http://apps.who.int/iris/. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures,images or maps, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that use and to obtain permission fromthe copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solelywith the user. Maps for which WHO is identified as copyright holder require the prior authorisation of WHO before reproduction ortranslation of substantial parts. Authorisation can be required through the permission form at the following link:https://who.int/about/who-we-are/publishing-policies/permissions. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO or ECDC concerning the legal status of any country, territory, area orcity or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximateborder lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHOor ECDC in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. E