2025年世界能源投资

The IEA examines the full spectrum of energyissues including oil, gas and coal supply anddemand, renewable energy technologies,electricity markets, energy efficiency, access toenergy, demand side management and muchmore. Through its work, the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhance the reliability,affordability and sustainability of energy in its 32MemberCountries,13Association countries andbeyond.This publication and any map included herein arewithout prejudice to the status of or sovereigntyover any territory, to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers and boundaries and to thename of any territory, city or area.Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.orgINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY SpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited StatesTheEuropean Commissionalso participates in the workof the IEAIEAAssociation countries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine IEAMember countries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak Republic AbstractThis year’sWorld Energy Investmentreport, marks the 10th editionof this flagship analysis and provides a full update on the investmentpicture in 2024 and an initial reading of the emerging picture for 2025.The report provides a global benchmark for tracking capital flows inthe energy sector and examines how investors are assessing risksand opportunities across all areas of fuel and electricity supply,critical minerals, efficiency, research and development and energyfinance.The report highlights several key aspects of the current investmentlandscapein the context of recent policy and macroeconomicdevelopments and a heightened focus on energy security. It exploresthe different drivers of energy investments and identify emergingtrends and priorities.This year’s edition also reflects on energy investment trends over thelast decade, highlighting major milestones and lessons from differentenergy sectors and regions. It also includes an expanded regionalanalysis as well as extensive analysis on the sources of investmentand sources of finance in the energy sector, including insights on therole of development finance institutions in energy investments acrossemergingand developing economies.It will also look at howinvestment trends in clean energy compare with those in fossil fuels,as well as the geographic distribution of these investments. Table of contentsExecutive Summary......................................................................................... 5Power ..............................................................................................................16Overview ......................................................................................................17Generation....................................................................................................22Grids and storage.........................................................................................38Implications ..................................................................................................44Supply .............................................................................................................46Oil, natural gas and coal ..............................................................................50Greenhouse gas emissions management in fuel supply .............................65Low-emissions fuels.....................................................................................70Critical minerals............................................................................................74Implications ..................................................................................................79Demand and electrification...........................................................................81Buildings.......................................................................................................86Transport ......................................................................................................95Industry.......................................................................................................103Implications ................................................................................................110Finance .........................................................................................................112Overview ....................................................................................................113Sources of finance .....................................................................................117International public finance ........................................................................126Sustainable finance....................................................................................133Carbon credit markets....