2025年世界能源就业（英）

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the full spectrum of energyissues including oil, gas and coal supply anddemand, renewable energy technologies,electricity markets, energy efficiency, access toenergy, demand side management and muchmore. Through its work, the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhance the reliability,affordability and sustainability of energy in its 32MemberCountries,13Association countries andbeyond. SpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States IEAMember countries:Australia AustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak Republic TheEuropean Commissionalso participates in the workof the IEA This publication and any map included herein arewithout prejudice to the status of or sovereigntyover any territory, to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers and boundaries and to thename of any territory, city or area. IEAAssociation countries: ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine Abstract TheWorld Energy Employment(WEE)report series providescomprehensive tracking and analysis of the global energy workforce,includingestimates of its size and distribution across regions,sectors,and technologies.It also assesses how energy labourrequirements evolve to 2035 across all IEA scenarios. TheWEE 2025– the fourth edition – examines how skilled labourneeds and shortages have changed since the series first highlightedthese issues in 2022, and explores their implications for educationand training systems, wages, policy, and the global buildout of energyinfrastructure. This year’s report introduces, for the first time, detailedoccupation-level estimates that offer new insights into the skills andeducation requirements shaping the energy workforce. The analysis draws on the IEA’s annualEnergy Employment Survey,which gathered responses from more than 700 energy firms, tradeunionsand educators,providing fresh perspectives on labourdynamics, shortages,and evolving skill needs. The report alsoincludes sectoral deep dives that offer granular analysis of trendsacross different parts of the energy sector. Table of contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 2Table of contents....................................................................................................... 3Executive summary ................................................................................................... 5Introduction ............................................................................................................... 9 Reskilling, upskilling, and specialised training strategies......................................... 66Attracting youth and underrepresented groups........................................................ 70Wages ..................................................................................................................... 78Informal work ........................................................................................................... 79Social dialogue ........................................................................................................ 80 Chapter1. Overview ...................................................................................... 10 Global energy employment growth.......................................................................... 11Energy employment trends in 2024......................................................................... 15Total energy employment by subsector and region................................................. 19Occupational trends ................................................................................................ 20Wages ..................................................................................................................... 24Gender .................................................................................................................... 26Outlook.................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter 4. Fuel supply, power sector and end uses ................................. 82 Fuel supply and critical minerals ......................................................................... 83 Oil and gas supply .............................................................................................. 84Coal supply ......................................................................................................... 89Bioenergy supply ................................................................................................ 91Low-emission hydrogen ...................................................................................... 93Critical minerals ...............................