东亚的工业脱碳：能源、金融、技术和就业的转型（英）2025

,TRANSFORMINGENERGY, FINANCETECHNOLOGY, AND JOBS © 2025 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in thiswork do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governmentsthey represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in thiswork and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information,or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusionsset forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in thiswork do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territoryor the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others doesnot mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works.Certain artificial intelligence (“AI”) tools may have been used in creating this work, as indicated in the work,but all transformative and creative effort expressed in the work was performed by the World Bank staff orexternal contributors. The World Bank is not responsible for any claims, including for errors or inaccurateinformation, generated by AI programs not controlled or owned by the World Bank. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of itsknowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as fullattribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2025. Industrial Decarbonization in East Asia:Transforming Energy, Finance, Technology, and Jobs. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625;email: pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover design: Kevin Kunyu Sun Cover image: The images featured on the four designed banners are adapted from artwork generated usingChatGPT-5 in August 2025. Each banner image was developed based on a specific prompt: the green banner(“solar panels, wind turbines, smart grids, and battery storage in a single composition”); the blue banner(“dynamic sustainable finance and financial markets in action”); the silver banner (“representative image forgreen hydrogen, green ammonia, carbon capture utilization and storage, and green steel”); and the goldbanner (“jobs and workforce for green industries requiring digital and interdisciplinary skills”). All other coverelements were originally created by the cover designer. Foreword East Asia is pivotal to the world’s decarbonization efforts. In 2023, on aper-capita basis, greenhouse gas emissions in the East Asia and Pacificregion (excluding high-income economies) were 7.11 tCO2eper capita—lower than in OECD countries (8.01 tCO2eper capita) and high-incomecountries (9.89 tCO2eper capita). Yet, the region’s contribution to globalemissions is large and expected to rise alongside economic growthand industrialization. In 2023, the region produced more than a thirdof global greenhouse gas emissions and was the largest consumer ofcoal worldwide. China, Indonesia, and Viet Nam account for 80 percentof the region’s emissions and 88 percent of its coal consumption, withthe power and industrial sectors responsible for 75–87 percent of ener-gy-related emissions. The choices made in East Asia will shape the globalenergy and industrial landscape for decades to come. This report -GreenHorizon: East Asia’s Sustainable Energy Futureis an important contributionto understand the pathways to intertwine energy and development im-peratives in East Asia. The power and industrial sectors must decarbonize in tandem. Theiremissions are closely linked, with industries relying heavily on electricityand power generation shaped by industrial demand. As electricity useaccelerates, decarbonizing the power sector is the linchpin of the region’sclean energy and industrial transformation—not only to reduce its ownemissions but also to enable industry to shift to clean energy. Advanc-ing both transitions together, through energy and material efficiency,electrification, green hydrogen, carbon capture, and clean feedstocks, isessential to achieving deep and lasting reductions. Massive and coordinated investments will be needed. Industrial de-carbonization alone will require USD 1.7 trillion in cumulative capitalthrough 2050—around USD 70 billion per year acro