东亚工业脱碳：能源、金融、技术和就业的转型

© 2025 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in thiswork and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information,or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusionsset forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in thiswork do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of itsknowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2025. Industrial Decarbonization in East Asia: Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; Cover design: Kevin Kunyu Sun Cover image: The images featured on the four designed banners are adapted from artwork generated usingChatGPT-5 in August 2025. Each banner image was developed based on a specific prompt: the green banner(“solar panels, wind turbines, smart grids, and battery storage in a single composition”); the blue banner(“dynamic sustainable finance and financial markets in action”); the silver banner (“representative image for Contents 1 Acknowledgments3Importance┃Transforming 40 percent of globalindustrial output for sustainable growth and theenergy transitionMethodology┃Unpacking industrial decarbonization 20The Policy Package The World Bank Playbook┃Operationalizingcountry and regional actions Acknowledgments The research project was led by a core World Bank team comprising Yuge Ma (Senior EnergySpecialist) and Priyank Lathwal (Energy Specialist), with support from Laura Aichelburg (JuniorProfessional Officer), Inchul Hwang (Senior Energy Specialist), Yi Yao (Infrastructure Specialist), The technical modeling and report were co-produced by Energy Innovation: Policy and Technol-ogy LLC (EI) and other technical partners. Contributing authors from EI (in order) include—Jeffrey The executive summary was prepared by Yuge Ma, Priyank Lathwal, and Laura Aichelburg withinput from Dolf Gielen (Senior Energy Economist) and EI. The international case studies werewritten by Yuge Ma, Laura Aichelburg, Dolf Gielen, Priyank Lathwal and other technical partners.The Workforce section of the policy recommendation chapter was written by Salman Asim (Senior Special thanks to Institute for Global Decarbonization Progress (iGDP) colleagues, including MinHu (Director) and Jialing Hong (Senior Analyst) for their support to the research and project man-agement. Gratitude also extends to Lund University research collaborators, including Lars Nilsson The report benefited from strategic guidance from World Bank leadership including SudeshnaGhosh Banerjee (Regional Director), Jie Tang (Practice Manager), Claudia Ines Vasquez Suarez(Practice Manager), Xiaodong Wang (Lead Energy Specialist) and Zayra Romo (Lead Energy Spe-cialist). Technical input and thorough peer review were provided by World Bank staff includingDolf Gielen, Jas Singh (Lead Energy Specialist), Jackie Jiang (Senior Public Private Partnerships Graphic and layout design was provided by Kevin Kunyu Sun. Data visualization was supported byWesley Grubbs. Editing support was provided by Steven Kennedy and Stephen Spector. Generous funding support was provided by the World Bank Korea Office Trust Fund. This report is the first to systematically address thecomplex challenge of industrial decarbonizationin East Asia, one of the world’s most dynamiceconomic areas. Drawing on original data and in- Importance┃Transforming 40percent of global industrial output for The powerhouse of global economic growth, East Asia is anchored by a dynamicindustrial sector that contributes 38 percent of regional GDP and employs nearly a The region’s industries are diverse and strategically significant: China leads in heavy industries,accounting for more than 50 percent of global steel, cement, aluminum, copper, and nickel pro-duction; Indonesia anchors resource-based sectors and petrochemicals; and Viet Nam is rapidlyexpanding its light manufacturing and electronics exports. Beyond the nearly 300 million direct The region consumes 40 percent of global primary energy, emits 40 percent of globalgreenhouse gases, and remains heavily dependent on fossil fuels for industrial energy In 2022