纺织行业：能源效率和脱碳（EE&D）机会（英）2025

ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANDDECARBONIZATION (EE&D)OPPORTUNITIES ATextile Sector — Energy Efficiencyand Decarbonization Opportunities Textiles are Pakistan’s most critical manufacturing sector, contributing nearly one‑fourth of theindustrial value added and employing about 40 percent of the industrial labor force.iIt has thelongest production chain and inherent potential for value addition at each processing stage,from cotton to ginning, spinning, fabric, dyeing and finishing, made‑ups, and garments. Excludingseasonal and cyclical fluctuations, textile products have maintained an average share of about54.5 percent in national exportsiiand contribute to 8–9 percent of GDP.iiiConcentrated mostly in thePunjab and Sindh, companies within the sector are associated with various value‑chain activities,manufacturing products such as linen and finished garments. Primary energy sources for the textileindustry make up 17 percent of overall primary industrial energy consumption in Pakistan, comprising28 percent of industrial electricity use, 5.1 percent of industrial fuel oil use, and 28.6 percent ofindustrial natural gas use.ivDue to unreliable grid supplied electricity, a considerable share of theelectricity demand for textile manufacturing is met through captive generation in large textile mills.The textile sector is responsible for nearly 5 percent of the country’s overall industrial emissionsvOnsite fuel consumption and energy sourced from the gas and electricity networks are key sourcesof these GHG emissions. This note describes decarbonization interventions to improve energyefficiency and reduce emissions in the textile sector while increasing industrial competitiveness andproviding wider economic and environmental benefits. The current state of EE&D in Pakistan’s textile sector The textile industry encompasses a wide range of subsectors, including spinning, weaving,knitting, and processing (dyeing, finishing, etc.). Although energy efficiency and decarbonization(EE&D) opportunities exist across all industrial subsectors, textile processing technologies demandspecific focus. This is driven by two key factors: 1.High Energy and Resource Intensity:Textile processing, particularly dyeing and finishing, isamong the most energy‑intensive and resource‑consuming stages in the textile value chain.These processes typically involve significant heat, water, and chemical inputs that requiresubstantial energy consumption and cause significant environmental impact. Therefore,interventions in this area offer the greatest potential for significant EE&D gains. 2.Significant Environmental Footprint: Wastewater discharge, chemical pollution, and greenhousegas emissions from processing operations contribute substantially to the textile industry’soverall environmental footprint. Addressing these challenges through innovative processingtechnologies is crucial for achieving sustainability goals. Although some textile manufacturers in Pakistan have installed energy efficient technologies toconserve resources or comply with the environmental standards of international customers, widelyavailable, cost‑competitive efficient alternatives to many textile technologies remain underutilized. Thetextile industry is a highly complex subsector. Energy consumption and carbon emissions intensity perunit of textile product is observed to be very high in Pakistan. Energy consumption in textile facilitiesvaries, typically ranging from 36 to 78 gigajoules (GJ) per tonne of product, while the average energyconsumption is approximately 54.1 GJ per tonne. Meanwhile, carbon emissions for sample plants rangefrom 2 to 5 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) per tonne of product, with an average carbon intensity of3.3 tonnes of CO2.1 Existing & Emerging Opportunities For Improving EE&D EE&D in the textile industry can be achieved through multiple pathways such as energy efficiencyand conservation interventions (using efficient boilers and combined heat and power (CHP)systems), fuel switching (using clean sources of energy instead of fossil fuels), electrification ofheat (electric dryers, electrode boilers, heat pump boilers), process improvement (bio‑scouring andozone bleaching), implementing circularity (recycling of fabric/plastic to natural/synthetic fiber) anddeploying innovative technologies (organic Rankine cycle in spinning, advanced dry processing infinishing). Many countries, such as China and European countries, have made significant efforts toimprove the energy efficiency of their textile industries through the adoption of clean and efficienttechnologies. China, for instance, has set targets to save approximately 3 million tonnes of oilequivalent (TOE) of energy through sector‑wide interventions by 2025. Pakistan’s textile industries have the potential to significantly enhance energy efficiency and reduce carbonemissions by adopting existing and emerging technologies (see annex 1 for details on costs and savings andannex 2 for summaries of the analyses