能效2024研究报告

INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policies thatwill enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31member countries,13associationcountries and beyond. IEA associationcountries: IEA membercountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundaries andto the name of any territory,city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org 摘要 《能效 2024》是国际能源署（IEA）一项针对全球能效进展的重要年度分析报告，梳理总结了全球在能源强度、能源需求、能源价格和能效政策方面的近期趋势。报告对建筑、家电、工业和交通等部门进行了具体分析，并探讨了电气化、电网灵活性、能效投资和就业等系统层面的专题。本报告与 IEA 全新的“能效进展跟踪”数据库（Energy EfficiencyProgress Tracker）同时发布，通过 IEA 官网可直接对其进行访问。 Acknowledgements Energy Efficiency 2024 was prepared by the Office of Energy Efficiency and InclusiveTransitions (EEIT) in the Directorate of Energy Markets and Security (EMS). The report was designed and directed byLucas Boehlé. Other lead authors wereFedericoCallioni,Nicholas Howarth,Mine Isik,Sacha Lachmann,Jack Miller,Corine Nsangwe BusingeandFabian Voswinkel. Diane Munro edited the report. Principal authors were (in alphabetical order): Sophie Attali (appliances), Clara Camarasa(appliances), Juliette Denis-Senez (employment, affordability), Conor Gask (China), NatalieKauf (Southeast Asia), Simrat Kaur (India), Silvia Laera (industry), Ana Lepure (Latin America),Hadrien Loyant (Africa), Sungjin Oh (policy developments), Ksenia Petrichenko (buildings),Alison Pridmore (transport) and Brendan Reidenbach (flexibility). Further support wasprovided by Giulia D’Angiolini, Mehmet Can, Caroline Fedrine, Manuel Galvão, OrestisKarampinis, Chris Matthew, Shana Mitsui, Nicola Modonesi, Viktoria Nagy, and Lisa MarieGrenier. Ian Hamilton also provided much valued analytical support. Colleagues from theEnergy Efficiency Hub also provided guidance and analytical support, in particular JonathanSinton and Kristina Klimovich. Brian Motherway, Head of EEIT, provided overall strategic guidance to the report. JérômeBilodeau, Jane Cohen, Emma Mooney, Vida Rozite and Melanie Slade gave expert adviceand management support to the report. Keisuke Sadamori, Director of Energy Markets andSecurity (EMS) provided important expert guidance and advice. Valuable comments, feedbackand guidance were provided by other senior management within the IEA, in particular, TorilBosoni, Laura Cozzi, Dan Dorner, Paolo Frankl, Rebecca Gaghen, Tim Gould, Timur Gül, DennisHesseling, Pablo Hevia-Koch, Nick Johnstone. The report benefitted from special analysis conducted by Joel Couse drawing on fuel reportsfrom across the directorate. Particular thanks go to Carlos Fernandez Alvarez, Heymi Bahar,Eren Cam, Marc Casanovas Simo, Ciarán Healy, Gergely Molnar, and David Martin. Other IEA colleagues who have made important contributions to this work include: CaleighAndrews, Tanguy de Bienassis, Elizabeth Connelly, Joel Couse, Chiara Delmastro, Jeanne-MarieHays, Hugh Hopewell, Haneul Kim, Martin Kueppers, Rena Kuwahata, Shane McDonagh,Isabella Notarpietro, Vera O’Riordan, Apostolos Petropoulos, Arthur Roge, Andrew Ruttinger,Gabriel Saive, Jules Sery, Siddharth Singh, Thomas Spencer, Leonie Staas, Jun Takashiro, CeciliaTam, Tiffany Vass, and Daniel Wetzel. Data and analysis from the IEA Energy Data Centre was fundamental to the report, particularly from Roberta Quadrelli, Aloys Nghiem, Alexandre Bizeul, Thomas Elghozi, Domenico Lattanzioand Arnau Risquez Martin. The report would not have been possible without the support of Jethro Mullen, Acting Headof the Communications and Digital Office (CDO), and his team who were responsible forproduction and launch support, especially Poeli Bojorquez, Curtis Brainard, Astrid Dumond, LivGaunt, Isabelle Nonain-Semelin, Lucile Wall, Julia Horowitz, and Wonjik Yang. Mitsidi Projetos and Premise provided analytical support of different parts of the analysis. TheUNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre supported on the distribution of the Global ESCO Survey.Steven Beletich provided analytical support on flexibility. The report was made possible byassistance from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. The Italian Ministryof Environment and Energy Security is also acknowledged for their support through theircontributions to the IEA’s Digital Demand Dr