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碳普惠2024年度调查报告——基于山东省沿黄流域与全国试点区域碳普惠机制发展调查研究 报告撰写组长:王璟珉侯昭瑾张超韩道汶李鹏张明坤 报告撰写成员:(按姓氏笔画排序) 王然王民冉乔盈盈朱璐瑶刘青益李成龙陈睿哲佟新宇侯婷赵瑞卿蒋凤娇 报告调研组指导:(按姓氏笔画排序) 王红王震王晓瑞刘春紫李青召宋策张建宏张晴张军峰孟祥源赵昆赵猛董伟 报告调研组成员:(按姓氏笔画排序) 王潞翔王新沂韦祉亦付雨代梦雪乔淑慧刘志颖孙舒心朱婉如李宇晴李佳芗李彬玮李文慧李靖雯陈姿润邵国太邹浩然张悦张梦涵张媚瑶张雅雯张子琪张富翔张紫瑶金榆策孟蕊胡雨轩姜子涵姜招娣赵亚蕾钟佳琪高晓彤姬涵韵唐铉烨益欣欣符瑞希韩佳宜游子宁雷美美熊语畅魏子昕 封皮设计:杨依霏 免责声明 本报告中的信息均来自于公开的资料和调查,旨在为分析和理解我国碳普惠机制的发展实践提供参考。本报告不构成任何投资建议,也不对所含信息的准确性、完整性或及时性做出任何明示或暗示的保证。报告所述观点仅代表撰写团队的研究成果,不代表山东财经大学中国国际低碳学院及其他合作机构的意见或政策。任何使用本报告的信息而造成的后果,责任由使用者自行承担。报告撰写过程中引用的各类数据和资料在发布前已经过尽量全面的审核和确认,但不排除因信息来源或数据更新不及时等因素导致的偏差和遗漏。 如需进一步了解报告内容,或对报告中涉及的内容有深入探讨的需求,建议直接联系相关机构。阅读本报告的各方,应在使用报告内容前自行进行详细核实和专业咨询,避免因依据本报告内容做出的决策而产生风险。 感谢所有为本报告提供帮助和支持的个人和机构。 执行摘要 2022年,从国家到地方政府均公布了系列推动开展碳普惠活动的相关政策,企业和金融机构等也积极投入其中。自此被誉为“碳普惠元年”之始,山东财经大学中国国际低碳学院每年暑期组织在校生开展全国调研,以“问卷调研+实地走访+面对面访谈”相结合的调研方式对我国碳普惠机制的实施情况进行广泛而深入的调查研究,并于每年年底发布碳普惠年度调查报告。2022、2023年,团队共走访了广东、北京、上海、杭州、太原、武汉等城市和山东省内试点以及沿黄流域非试点区域,完成了1737份问卷的回收分析和近50人次的深入访谈,构建了基于社会认知理论中三元交互决定论模型的理论分析框架。 在此基础上,2024年暑期开展的第三次全国性调研,选取山东省沿黄河流域典型城市(济南、青岛、潍坊、威海、烟台、东营、聊城、菏泽)以及全国碳普惠试点城市(北京、上海、杭州、广东、成都)共13市,从碳普惠应用侧出发,探究居民碳普惠理念认知、参与意愿和低碳行动情况;从碳普惠推出侧出发,探究碳普惠机制设计及实施过程中形成的主要特点,以及遇到的发展机遇和挑战。 本研究聚焦我国碳普惠机制的演化发展与应用情况,综合运用文献研究、案例分析、问卷调查等方法,对山东省沿黄流域与全国试点区域展开调研。研究发现,2024年,我国碳普惠机制在多方面取得显著进展,政策端国家与地方协同支持,方法学持续完善,地方和团体标准持续推出,碳普惠平台得到广泛建设且功能日益丰富,合作组织不断涌现推动平台资源整合。研究发现,较为成熟区域的碳普惠运行流程包括充足的减排量供给、消纳与应用环节,并拥有多场景、多项目应用功能;公众对碳普惠的认知度和低碳行为意愿逐年上升,但不同区域仍然存在显著差异;碳普惠的定义和内涵,尤其是碳普惠的参与主体、内容和应用场景在实践探索中都有了不同程度的扩充。 尽管目前碳普惠机制的发展依然面临公众认知和参与不足、机制设计不完善等挑战,但在我国的发展已经有了一定经验积累,并逐步形成一些优秀典型做法。今后,结合碳普惠发展的阶段特征和我国双碳目标的内在要求,可采取措施进一步完善碳普惠政策与方法学体系、激发企业碳普惠参与动力、紧抓公众,尤其是青少年群体碳普惠认知提升、以平台协作与加强交流赋能碳普惠发 展、构建碳普惠生态系统、加强碳普惠国际推广与交流、深化科技赋能碳普惠发展,以及完善碳普惠评价与监管体系。可以预见,碳普惠的发展在未来会呈现体系化与标准化、科技化与智能化、场景化与普惠化、市场化与国际化的发展新趋势。随着居民低碳意识的不断提高、政策支持的不断完善、市场化运行模式的不断创新探索,碳普惠机制将迎来更加广阔的发展前景。 感谢合作伙伴和参与调研与报告撰写的伙伴们的大力支持,也希望该报告对各位读者了解2024年度我国碳普惠机制的发展现状有所帮助。 关键词:应对气候变化;碳普惠;碳账户;低碳生活与消费;低碳意识与行为 Executive Summary In 2022, both national and local governments introduced a series of policies to promotecarbon inclusive activities, with activeparticipation from enterprises and financialinstitutions. This year marked the beginning of the so-called "the Year ofCarbonInclusive"in China. Since then, theInternational School of Low Carbon Studies,SDUFEhas organized annual nationwide surveys duringeverysummer, employing acombination of questionnaire surveys, field visits, and face-to-face interviews toconduct extensive and in-depth research on the implementation of China's carboninclusive mechanism. In 2022 and 2023, the research team visited cities such asGuangdong, Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Taiyuan, and Wuhan, as well as pilot areasin Shandong Province and non-pilot regions along the Yellow River Basin.Bycollecting and analyzing 1,737 questionnaires and conducted nearly 50 in-depthinterviews,weconstructed a theoretical analysis framework based on the triadicreciprocal determinism model from social cognitive theory. Building on this foundation, the third nationwide survey conducted in the summer of2024 selected 13 cities, including typical cities along the Yellow River Basin inShandong Province (Jinan, Qingdao, Weifang, Weihai, Yantai, Dongying, Liaocheng,and Heze)and national carbon inclusive pilot cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou,Guangdong, and Chengdu). The survey explored residents' awareness, willingness toparticipate, and low-carbon actions from the application side of carbon inclusivity,while also investigating the main characteristics, development opportunities, andchallenges in the design and implementation of the carbon inclusive mechanism fromthe supply side. This study focuses on the evolution and application of China's carbon inclusivemechanism, utilizing literature research, case analysis, and questionnaire surveys toinvestigate regions along the Yellow River Basin in Shandong Province and national pilot areas. The findings reveal that in 2024, China's carbon inclusive mechanism hasmade significant progress in multiple aspects. Policy support has been strengthenedthrough national and local collaboration, methodologies have been continuouslyimproved, local and group standards have been introduced, carbon inclusive platformshave been widely established with increasingly diverse functions, and collaborativeorganizations have emerged to promote resource integration. The study also found thatin moremature regions, the carbon inclusive operation process includes sufficientsupply, absorption, and application of emission reductions, with multi-scenario andmulti-project functionalities. Public awareness of carbon inclusivity and willingness toengage in low-carbon behaviors have increased year by year, though significantregional disparities remain. The definition and connotation of carbon inclusivity,particularly its participants, content, and application scenarios, have expanded tovarying degrees through practical exploration. Despite challenges such as insufficient public awareness and participation, as well asimperfect mechanism design, China'