2024年粮食及农业状况报告

This flagship publication is part ofThe State of the Worldseries of the Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations. Required citation: FAO. 2024.The State of Food and Agriculture 2024–Value-driven transformation of agrifood systems.Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd2616en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or developmentstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specificcompanies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsedor recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISSN 0081-4539(print)ISSN 1564-3352(online)ISBN 978-92-5-139140-2© FAO, 2024 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- 4.0 International licence(CC BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.en). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted, provided that the work is appropriately cited.In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services.The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If a translation or adaptation of this work is created, it must include the followingdisclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation [or adaptation] was not created by the Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation [or adaptation].The originalEnglishedition shall be the authoritative edition.” Any dispute arising under this licence that cannot be settled amicably shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with theArbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). The parties shall be bound by anyarbitration award rendered as a result of such arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute. Third-party materials.This Creative Commons licence CC BY 4.0 does not apply to non-FAO copyright materials included in thispublication. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, areresponsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder.The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. FAO photographs.FAO photographs that may appear in this work are not subject to the above-mentioned Creative Commonslicence. Queries for the use of any FAO photographs should be submitted to: photo-library@fao.org. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and printcopies can be purchased through the distributors listed there. For general enquiries about FAO publications please contact:publications@fao.org. Queries regarding rights and licensing of publications should be submitted to: copyright@fao.org. FOOD ANDAGRICULTURETHE STATE OF2024 VALUE-DRIVEN TRANSFORMATIONOF AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRome, 2024 CONTENTS FOREWORDvMETHODOLOGYviiACKNOWLEDGEMENTSviiiABBREVIATIONSxGLOSSARYxiiCORE MESSAGESxviiEXECUTIVE SUMMARYxix Capitalizing on agribusinesses’ supply chainleverage for transformation55The strategic role of financial institutions60Conclusions63 CHAPTER 4HARNESSING THE ROLE OF CONSUMERS TO TRANSFORM AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS65 Factors shaping consumer food demand66Impacts of consumption patterns68Reshaping and redirecting consumer demand70Conclusions85 CHAPTER 1CREATING VALUE IN AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS THROUGH AN INTEGRATED APPROACH 1 How can true cost accounting help unpack thecomplexity of agrifood systems?2Refining the hidden cost estimates5Contextualizing agrifood systems with a typology8Value-driven transformation for different actorsand agrifood systems12Layout of the report13 CHAPTER 5 NAVIGATING THE CHALLENGES TOSETTING POLICY AND INVESTMENTPRIORITIES FOR GLOBAL AGRIFOODSYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION Distributional challenges, barriers to change,and how these can be addressed88Stakeholder engagement is fundamentalto achieving a true systems approachtotransformationPublic policy for public goods91Financing local and global transformation94Conclusions97 CHAPTER 2ADDRESSING HIDDEN COSTS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL Elaboration of the agrifood systems typology18Hidden cost burden varies by agrifood systemscategory19Dietary risks causing non-communicablediseases by agrifood systems category21Institutional and fisc