The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environments andsocietal change. Our vision is to unlock the full power ofconnectivity so that people, industry, and society thrive.Representing mobile operators and organisations acrossthe mobile ecosystem and adjacent industries, the GSMAdelivers for its members across three broad pillars:Connectivity for Good, Industry Services and Solutions,and Outreach. This activity includes advancing policy,tackling today’s biggest societal challenges, underpinningthe technology and interoperability that make mobilework, and providing the world’s largest platform toconvene the mobile ecosystem at the MWC and M360series of events. At Ipsos we are passionately curious about people,markets, brands and society. We deliver information andanalysis that makes our complex world easier and fasterto navigate and inspires our clients to make smarterdecisions. With a strong presence in 88 countries, Ipsos employsmore than 16,000 people and has the ability to conductresearch programmes in more than 100 countries.Founded in France in 1975, Ipsos is controlled andmanaged by research professionals www.ipsos.com For this study, Ipsos worked with the GSMA as a fieldworkpartner and, as such, is not responsible for the analysis orconclusions in this report. We invite you to find out more atgsma.com GSMA Connected Women Partnership|Progress|Prosperity This material has been funded by UK Aid from the UKGovernment; however, the views expressed do notnecessarily reflect the UK Government’s official policies. The GSMA Connected Women programme works withmobile operators and their partners to address thebarriers to women accessing and using mobile internetand mobile money services. Connected Women aimsto reduce the gender gap in mobile internet and mobilemoney services and unlock significant commercialopportunities for the mobile industry and socio-economic benefits for women. This document has been financed by the SwedishInternational Development Cooperation Agency, Sida.Sida does not necessarily share the views expressed inthis material. Responsibility for its contents rests entirelywith the author. For more information, please visitwww.gsma.com/connectedwomen GSMA Intelligence GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of global mobileoperator data, analysis and forecasts, and publisher ofauthoritative industry reports and research. Our datacovers every operator group, network and MVNO in everycountry worldwide – from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. It isthe most accurate and complete set of industry metricsavailable, comprising tens of millions of individual datapoints, updated daily. This report is based on research funded in part bythe Gates Foundation. The findings and conclusionscontained within are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect positions or policies of the GatesFoundation. Lead author:Emma Catalfamo GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors, regulators, financial institutions and third-partyindustry players, to support strategic decision makingand long-term investment planning. The data is used asan industry reference point and is frequently cited by themedia and by the industry itself. Contributors:Kalvin Bahia, Evie Gilbert, Abi Gleek,Boralba Kapllani, Rosie Leary, Dominica Lindsey,Claire Sibthorpe, Jakub Zagdanski Fieldwork partner:Ipsos Published:June 2026 Our team of analysts and experts produce regularthought-leading research reports across a range ofindustry topics. www.gsmaintelligence.cominfo@gsmaintelligence.com Contents Introduction4Key findings7Definitions10The mobile gender gap in 202511The journey to mobile internet use20The gender gap in mobile ownership24The gender gap in smartphone ownership26The gender gap in mobile internet adoption30Understanding women’s use of mobile internet34Spotlight: Perceived impact of mobile internet on livelihoodsand income38Understanding barriers to mobile internet adoption and use42Awareness of mobile internet47Barriers to mobile internet adoption among those who areaware of it48Barriers to further mobile internet use for existing users50Recommendations52Appendices55Appendix 1: Barriers to mobile internet adoption and use56Appendix 2: Use cases61Appendix 3:Reported impacts of mobile internet onlivelihoods and income62Appendix 4: Methodology64Endnotes67 Introduction United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),including those related to health, education, climate andfinancial inclusion. GSMA analysis has estimated thatfrom 2023 to 2030,3closing the gender gap in mobileownership and use in LMICs could deliver $230 billion inadditional revenue to the mobile industry,4and closingthe gender gap in mobile internet adoption in LMICswould add $1.3 trillion in additional gross domesticproduct (GDP) over this period.5Mobile access anduse can also transform women’s lives. GSMA researchhas shown t